Table 2 Summary of the characteristics of the 44 studies included in this rapid review

Research setting

United States of America

[25, 28, 30, 35, 49, 51, 67, 68]

Sweden

[27, 41, 42, 50, 54, 59,60,61]

Australia

[52, 55, 57, 58, 62]

Canada

[29, 37, 46, 53]

France, Germany, Italy, and United Kingdom

[26, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38, 43, 45, 56, 63, 65, 66]

Denmark and Taiwan

[33, 40, 47, 64]

Finland, Norway, and Spain

[39, 44, 48]

Follow-up period

Up to 3 months

[28, 29, 53, 67, 68]

6–12 months

[25,26,27, 30,31,32,33,34, 38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47, 49, 51, 52, 54, 56,57,58, 64]

> 12 months

[35,36,37, 48, 50, 55, 59,60,61,62,63, 65, 66]

Stroke type

All-stroke types

[25,26,27, 29, 31, 32, 34,35,36, 38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48, 50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63]

Ischemic

[30, 37, 64,65,66,67]

Intracerebral hemorrhage

[68]

Transient ischemic attack

[28, 33]

All-stroke types included not clear

[49]

First-ever

[25, 27,28,29,30, 33,34,35,36, 40, 45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53, 55,56,57,58,59,60,61,62,63,64, 68]

First-ever and recurrent

[26, 31, 32, 37,38,39, 43, 54, 65,66,67]

Not reported if first-ever or recurrent

[41, 42, 44]

Study design

Prospective

[25, 26, 31,32,33,34, 38, 39, 43, 45, 46, 49, 50, 54, 55, 57,58,59,60,61,62, 64,65,66]

Retrospective

[28,29,30, 35,36,37, 40, 47, 51, 56, 63, 67, 68]

Both prospective and retrospective

[63]

Randomized trials

[27, 41, 42, 44, 52, 53]

Calculation method

Health expenditures

[26, 28,29,30, 35,36,37, 39, 44, 47, 49, 51, 54, 56, 59, 63, 65,66,67,68]

Cost of illness

[25, 27, 31,32,33,34, 38, 42, 43, 45, 46, 48, 50, 55, 57, 58, 60,61,62, 64]

Cost minimization

[41]

Cost benefit

[53]

Cost effectiveness

[40, 52]

Economic perspective

Limited societal

[25, 27, 31,32,33,34, 38, 41,42,43, 45, 46, 50, 52, 55, 57, 58, 60,61,62, 64]

Healthcare payer and/or provider

[26, 28,29,30, 35,36,37, 39, 40, 44, 47, 49, 51, 53, 54, 56, 59, 63, 67, 68]

Healthcare sector perspective

[48, 65, 66]

Economic estimation

Bottom-up

[26, 27, 32,33,34, 38,39,40,41,42,43, 45,46,47,48,49,50, 52, 54, 55, 57, 58, 60,61,62, 64]

Top-down

[25, 28,29,30, 35,36,37, 44, 51, 56, 59, 63, 67, 68]

Both bottom-up and top-down

[31, 53, 65, 66]

Economic data sources

Questionnaires and/or hospital records

[27, 32,33,34, 38, 39, 41,42,43,44,45,46, 49, 50, 52,53,54,55, 57, 58, 64,65,66,67]

Based only in insurance administrative data

[25, 26, 30]

Regional registries

[29, 37, 63]

National registries

[28, 31, 35, 36, 40, 47, 48, 51, 56, 59,60,61,62, 68]