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Table 2 The total number of soldiers, sailors, and pilots killed during WWI and the cost evaluation in addition to the sensitivity results for the tangible and intangible cost for WWI

From: A new innovative method to measure the cost of war: future with fewer conflicts via harm reduction approaches

Name of the countries from 1914 to 1918

WWI

Estimates based on tangible values

Estimates based on intangible values

Austria-Hungary

1,100,000

$4.888 billion

($1.54 billion; $11 billion)*

$14.058 trillion

($4.95 trillion; $18.15 trillion)

Australia

61,928

$275.208 million

($86.699 million; $619.280 million)

$791.439 billion

($278.676 billion; $1.022 trillion)

Bangladesh, India, & Pakistan

74,187

$329.687million

($103.862 million; $742million)

$948 billion

($334 billion; $1.224 trillion)

Belgium

58,637

$261 million

($82 million; $586 million)

$749.4 billion

($263.9 billion; $967.5 billion)

Bulgaria

87,500

$389 million($123 million; $875million)

$1.118 trillion

($393.750 billion; $1.444 trillion)

Canada & Newfoundland

66,148

$293.962 million

($92.607 million; $661.480 million)

$845.371 billion

($297.666 billion; $1.091 trillion)

France

1,397,800

$6.212 trillion

($1.956 billion; $13.978 billion)

$17.864 trillion

($6.290 trillion; $23.064 trillion)

Germany

2,050,897

$9.114 billion

($2.871 billion; $20.509 billion)

$26.210 trillion

($9.229 trillion; $33.840 trillion)

Greece

26,000

$115.544 million

($36.400 million; $260 million)

$332.280 billion

($117 billion; $429 billion)

Italy

651,000

$2.893 billion

($911.400 million; $6.510 billion)

$8.320 trillion

($2.930 trillion; $10.742 trillion)

Japan

415

$1.844 million

($581thousand; $4.150 million)

$5.304 billion

($1.868 billion; $6.848 billion)

Kingdom of Serbia

275,000

$1.222 billion

($385 million; $2.750 billion)

$3.514 trillion

($1.238 trillion; $4.538 trillion)

Ottoman Empire

771,844

$3.430 billion

($1.1 billion; $7.72 billion)

$9.864 trillion

($3.473 trillion; $12.735 trillion)

Montenegro

3,000

$13.332 million

($4 million; $30 million)

$38.340 billion

($13.500 billion; $49.500 billion)

New Zealand

18,050

$80.214 million

($25.270 million; $181 million)

$230.679 billion

($81.225 billion; $297.825 billion)

Portugal

7,222

$32 million

($10 million; $72.22million)

$92.297 billion

($32.5 billion; $119.163 billion)

Romania

250,000

$1 billion

($350 million; $2.5billion)

$3.2 trillion

($1.125 trillion; $4.124 trillion)

Russian Empire

1,811,000

$8 billion

($2.5 billion; $18 billion)

$23.144 trillion

($8.149 trillion; $29.881 trillion)

South Africa

9,463

$42 million

($13.248 million; $94.630 million)

$120.937billion

($42.583 billion; $156.14 billion)

United Kingdom & Ireland

885,138

$3.933 billion

($1.239 billion; $8.851 billion)

$11.312 trillion

($3.983 trillion; $14.605 trillion)

United States of America

116,708

$518 million

($163 million; $1.167 billion)

$1.491 trillion

($525 billion; $1.925 trillion)

Total

9,721,937

$43.204 billion

($13.610 billion; $97.219 billion)

$124.246 trillion

($43.750 trillion; $160.412 trillion)

  1. *The values in parentheses represent sensitivity analysis results