Table 1 Model parameters: baseline values, ranges, and distributions for sensitivity analysis

Drug costs ($)

Pembrolizumab/cycle

5327.90

4262.32-5327.90

gamma

local charge

Capecitabine/cycle

36.39

29.11–36.39

gamma

local charge

Gemcitabine/cycle

44.16

35.33–44.16

gamma

local charge

Docetaxel/cycle

31.22

24.98–31.22

gamma

local charge

AEs costs ($)

Anemia

6562.68

5250.14-7875.22

gamma

[16]

Neutrocytopenia

475.32

380.26-570.38

gamma

[16]

Follow up monitoring cost ($)

Imaging/Surveillance

207.25

165.80-248.7

gamma

local charge

Laboratory test

11.89

9.51–14.27

gamma

local charge

Terminal care cost

1460.30

109.23-1825.38

gamma

[16]

Utility

PFS

0.76

0.61–0.91

beta

[16]

PD

0.35

0.28–0.42

beta

[16]

Probabilities, %

Pembrolizumab

Anemia

0.90

beta

[9]

Neutrocytopenia

0.00

beta

[9]

Bicalutamide

Anemia

10.70

beta

[9]

Neutrocytopenia

27.70

beta

[9]

Discount (%)

5.00

0 ~ 8

beta

[17]