Table 2 Components of cost-of-illness studies in COVID_19

Epidemiological spproach

Prevalence based

20 (71.4)

[9,10,11,12,13,14,15, 19,20,21,22, 26, 27, 29,30,31,32,33, 35, 36]

Incident based

5 (17.9)

[16, 18, 23, 25, 34]

Not mentioned

3 (10.7)

[17, 24, 28]

Study design for data collection

Prospective

2 (7.1)

[15, 30]

Retrospective (including protocol-based study)

25 (89.3)

[9,10,11,12,13,14, 16, 17, 19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29, 31,32,33,34,35,36]

Scenario-based simulation

1 (3.6)

[18]

Study perspective

Health system

13 (46.4)

[9, 15,16,17,18,19,20, 22, 24, 25, 28, 30, 34]

Payer

10 (35.7)

[11,12,13,14, 21, 26, 27, 29, 33, 36]

Government

2 (7.1)

[31, 35]

Patient

1 (3.6)

[23]

More than one perspective

1 (3.6)

[10]

Not mentioned

1 (3.6)

[32]

Costing method

Bottom-up

24 (85.7)

[9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27, 29, 33,34,35,36]

Top-down

1 (3.6)

[31]

Both

1 (3.6)

[30]

Not mentioned

2 (7.1)

[28, 32]

Cost type

Direct medical cost

23 (82.1)

[9, 11,12,13,14, 16,17,18,19,20,21, 24,25,26,27,28, 30,31,32,33,34,35,36]

Direct non-medical cost

0 (0)

–

Indirect medical cost

1 (3.6)

[22]

More than one cost type

4 (14.3)

[10, 15, 23, 29]

Cost identification

Cost

2 (7.1)

[15, 22]

Charge

10 (35.7)

[9, 16, 18, 20, 24, 26,27,28, 33, 34]

Expenditure

1 (3.6)

[31]

Claim

4 (14.3)

[12, 14, 21, 36]

More than one cost identification

10 (35.7)

[10, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 25, 29, 30, 35]

Not mentioned

1 (3.6)

[32]

Sensitivity analysis

Done

6 (21.4)

[10, 17,18,19, 24, 25]

Not stated

22 (78.6)

[9, 11,12,13,14,15,16, 20,21,22,23, 26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36]