Table 2 Levels of financial hardship across sample attributes (n = 996)
Characteristics | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 4 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Borrowing for health or medical purposes in the past 12 months | Perceived difficulty in obtaining money for emergency expenses within 30 days | Perceived difficulty in obtaining money for emergency expenses within 7 days | Perceived worry regarding the inability to afford medical costs in case of an emergency | ||||||
No, N (%) | Yes, N (%) | No, N (%) | Yes, N (%) | No, N (%) | Yes, N (%) | No, N (%) | Yes, N (%) | ||
Financially included | |||||||||
| Â | No | 157 (18.9) | 15 (9.1) | 49 (10.9) | 123 (22.6) | 28 (10.3) | 144 (19.9) | 73 (16.2) | 99 (18.2) |
| Â | Yes | 674 (81.1) | 150 (90.9) | 402 (89.9) | 422 (77.4) | 245 (89.7) | 579 (80.1) | 379 (83.8) | 445 (81.8) |
Gender | |||||||||
| Â | Female | 442 (53.2) | 91 (55.2) | 273 (60.5) | 260 (47.7) | 178 (65.2) | 355 (49.1) | 256 (56.6) | 277 (50.9) |
| Â | Male | 389 (46.8) | 74 (44.8) | 178 (39.5) | 285 (52.3) | 95 (34.8) | 368 (50.9) | 196 (43.4) | 267 (49.1) |
Age (years) | |||||||||
|  | 15–25 | 271 (32.6) | 56 (33.9) | 128 (28.4) | 199 (36.5) | 69 (25.3) | 258 (35.7) | 143 (31.6) | 184 (33.8) |
|  | 26–35 | 400 (48.1) | 70 (42.4) | 238 (52.8) | 232 (42.6) | 144 (52.7) | 326 (45.1) | 233 (51.5) | 237 (43.6) |
|  | 36–44 | 112 (13.5) | 25 (15.2) | 61 (13.5) | 76 (13.9) | 44 (16.1) | 93 (12.9) | 57 (12.6) | 80 (14.7) |
|  | ≥ 45 | 48 (5.8) | 14 (8.5) | 24 (5.3) | 38 (7.0) | 16 (5.9) | 46 (6.4) | 19 (4.2) | 43 (7.9) |
Education | |||||||||
| Â | Primary | 13 (1.6) | 1 (0.6) | 3 (0.7) | 11 (2.0) | 1 (0.4) | 13 (1.8) | 4 (0.9) | 10 (1.8) |
| Â | Secondary | 387 (46.6) | 98 (59.4) | 183 (40.6) | 302 (55.4) | 102 (37.4) | 383 (53.0) | 201 (44.5) | 284 (52.2) |
| Â | Tertiary | 431 (51.9) | 66 (40.0) | 265 (58.8) | 232 (42.6) | 170 (62.3) | 327 (45.2) | 247 (54.6) | 250 (46.0) |
Income quintile | |||||||||
| Â | Poorest | 107 (12.9) | 28 (17.0) | 27 (6.0) | 108 (19.8) | 15 (5.5) | 120 (16.6) | 37 (8.2) | 98 (18.0) |
| Â | Second | 130 (15.6) | 31 (18.8) | 55 (12.2) | 106 (19.4) | 32 (11.7) | 129 (17.8) | 63 (13.9) | 98 (18.0) |
| Â | Middle | 155 (18.7) | 25 (15.2) | 73 (16.2) | 107 (19.6) | 40 (14.7) | 140 (19.4) | 74 (16.4) | 106 (19.5) |
| Â | Fourth | 198 (23.8) | 29 (17.6) | 106 (23.5) | 121 (22.2) | 62 (22.7) | 165 (22.8) | 102 (22.6) | 125 (23.0) |
| Â | Richest | 241 (29.0) | 52 (31.5) | 190 (42.1) | 103 (18.9) | 124 (18.9) | 169 (23.4) | 176 (38.9) | 117 (21.5) |
Total (N) | 831 | 165 | 451 | 545 | 273 | 723 | 452 | 544 | |