Table 4 Results of panel multiple regression using fixed and random effects model in the sample of non-high focus states in India.

lnPCPHE_it

 − 0.004

 − 0.336***

 − 0.114

 − 0.468

0.286***

0.324***

0.210***

0.229***

0.405***

(0.007)

(0.065)

(0.094)

(0.313)

(0.045)

(0.047)

(0.051)

(0.050)

(0.056)

lnPCGSDP_it

0.079***

 − 0.324***

 − 0.891***

 − 1.609***

 − 0.777***

 − 0.852***

 − 0.567***

 − 0.658***

 − 1.087***

(0.012)

(0.097)

(0.166)

(0.465)

(0.067)

(0.070)

(0.076)

(0.075)

(0.083)

lnINFRA_it

 − 0.017

0.257**

 − 0.492***

 − 1.304***

0.593***

0.497***

0.710***

0.728***

0.371***

(0.012)

(0.101)

(0.169)

(0.484)

(0.069)

(0.073)

(0.079)

(0.078)

(0.086)

Constant

3.371***

9.358***

11.421***

16.958***

10.790***

11.228***

9.144***

10.078***

13.045***

(0.079)

(0.692)

(1.076)

(3.309)

(0.476)

(0.501)

(0.544)

(0.533)

(0.592)

Hausman test

18.54***

0.64

15.96***

5.57

24.97***

22.21***

19.43***

25.89**

29.37***

State’s FE

Yes

NO

Yes

NO

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

R-squared

0.593

0.829

0.873

0.593

0.706

0.694

0.593

0.666

0.692

F-test

235.19***

552.59***

204.52***

165.52***

158.52***

145.78***

90.61***

121.20***

149.31***

No. of obs

108

120

108

120

120

120

120

120

120

No. of States

9

10

9

10

10

10

10

10

10