Table 4 Overview of attributes, levels, dimension of attributes, attribute importance, and most important attribute
From: Patients’ preferences for antiretroviral therapy service provision: a systematic review
Authors | Attributes (levels) | Dimension of attribute | Attribute importance | Most important attribute |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Zanolini | Waiting time at the clinic (1, 3, or 5 h) | Structure | 4 (5.20%) | ART supply is given at each refill |
Distance from residence to the clinic (5, 10, or 20 km) | Structure | 3 (6.20%) | ||
ART supply is given at each refill (1, 3, or 5 months) | Structure | 1 (52.70%) | ||
Hours of operation (morning only, morning and afternoon, or morning and Saturday) | Structure | 5 (3.10%) | ||
Staff attitude (rude or nice) | Process | 2 (32.80) | ||
Beusteriena | Moderate to severe diarrhea (involving five or more loose stools per day (1%,8% or 16% chance) | Outcome | 5 (7.10%) | Chance of developing resistance |
Moderate to severe nausea(5%, 10% or 14% chance) | Outcome | 6 (6.90%) | ||
Moderate to severe vomiting(2%, 5% or 7% chance) | Outcome | 10 (4.70%) | ||
Moderate to severe rash(1%, 5% or 10% chance) | Outcome | 9 (5.00%) | ||
Moderate to severe jaundice(< 1% or 6% chance) | Outcome | 10 (4.70%) | ||
Moderate to severe dizziness(< 1%, 3% or 6% chance) | Outcome | 7 (5.80%) | ||
Moderate to severe depression(< 1% or 5% chance) | Outcome | 8 (5.50%) | ||
Moderate to severe sleep problems(< 1%, 10% or 25% chance) | Outcome | 3 (8.60%) | ||
Virologic failure(7%, 15% or 21% chance) | Outcome | 4 (8.20%) | ||
Increasing cholesterol( very low, moderate, or high chance) | Outcome | 5 (7.10%) | ||
Chance of developing resistance(very low, low, moderate, high, or very high chance) | Outcome | 1 (10.30%) | ||
Regimen convenience(Fosamprenavir,Fosamprenavir/ritonavir, Efavirenz, Atazanavir, Nelfinavir,Lopinavir/ritonavir) | Outcome | 2 (8.70%) | ||
Opuni | Monthly ART price(12$, 99$, 149$,199$, or 298$) | Structure | 3 (23.50%) | Clinic waiting times |
Clinic waiting times(30 min, 2 h, or 5 h) | Structure | 1 (33.20%) | ||
HIV clinic branding(not branded as HIV clinic in any way, discretely branded as HIV clinic or clearly branded as HIV clinic) | Structure | 4 (17.30%) | ||
Clinic staff attitudes(kind, respectful, sympathetic, indifferent—neither kind nor rude or rude, disrespectful, unsympathetic) | Process | 2 (26.00%) | ||
Miller | Adverse drug side effects | Outcome | N/A | N/A |
Pill burden | Structure | |||
Medication inconvenience | Outcome | |||
Regimen potency | Outcome | |||
Mühlbacher | Life expectancy(maximal or moderate increase) | Outcome | 4 (10.02%) | Emotional quality of life |
Long term side effects: improbable (< 20% of patients) or possible (≥ 20% of patients) | Outcome | 6 (5.56%) | ||
Flexibility of dosing: max. 3 tablets/day or ≥ 4 tablets/day | Structure | 5 (6.19%) | ||
Physical quality of life: diarrhea or nausea less frequent or diarrhea or nausea more frequent | Outcome | 2 (21.97%) | ||
Emotional quality of life: disease not obvious for others or disease obvious for others | Outcome | 1 (40.71%) | ||
Social quality of life: participation in social life possible or participation in social life restricted | Outcome | 3 (15.55%) | ||
Beusterien b | Medication resistance | Outcome | N/A | N/A |
Lipodystrophy | Outcome | |||
Regimen convenience | Outcome | |||
Moderate to severe rash | Outcome | |||
Moderate to severe nausea | Outcome | |||
Moderate to severe diarrhea | Outcome | |||
Moderate to severe sleep disturbances | Outcome | |||
Drug failure | Outcome | |||
Moderate to severe vomiting | Outcome | |||
Cholesterol elevation | Outcome | |||
Moderate to severe jaundice | Outcome | |||
Moderate to severe depression | Outcome | |||
Moderate to severe dizziness | Outcome | |||
Lloyd | Treatment benefit: 85%, 75%, or 65% chance undetectable viral load at 1 year | Outcome | N/A | N/A |
Risk of rash: Treatment has a 1%, 5%, or 10% risk of rash during the first year | Outcome | |||
Risk of kidney stones: In the next five years 0, 10 per 1000, or 37 per 1000 patients will develop kidney stones as a result of this treatment | Outcome | |||
Risk of jaundice: Treatment has a 1%, 5%, or 10% risk of jaundice during the first year | Outcome | |||
Risk of diarrhea: Treatment has a 5%, 10%, or 17% risk of diarrhea during the first year | Outcome | |||
Risk of psychological effects: Treatment has a 10%, 25%, or 50% risk during the first year | Outcome | |||
Risk of heart attack: In the next ten years, 0, 6 per 1000, or 40 per 1000 patients will suffer a heart attack as a result of this treatment | Outcome | |||
Long term safety profile: Product safety has been established over 10, 5, or 3 years | Outcome | |||
Rabkin | Location of service delivery: Health facility/clinic close to home or workplace (10 min travel), Health facility/clinic further from home or workplace (45 min travel), Community-based DART services, or At home | Structure | 3 (OR:1.70) | Provider attitude |
Participants/others seen at the same visit: Individual or Group | Process | 4 (OR:1.30) | ||
Type of service provider: Professional health worker who is respectful and understanding, Professional health worker who is not respectful and understanding, Peer/layperson who is respectful and understanding, or Peer/layperson who is not respectful and understanding | Process | 1 (OR: 2.40) | ||
Times (days and hours) of operation: Workweek only (standard hours: 8 am–4 pm), Workweek with early morning hours (opens at 5 am), Workweek with evening hours (open until 8 pm), or Workweek + weekend hours (7 days a week, 8 am-4 pm) | Structure | 7 (OR:1.00) | ||
Frequency of routine visits for ART refill: Four times a year (every 3 months) or Two times a year (every 6 months) | Structure | 5 (OR:1.09) | ||
Total time for a visit, including registration, wait times, and time with providers. It does not include transportation time (30 min, 1 h, 2 h, or 4 h) | Structure | 6 (OR:1.05) | ||
The total cost of the visit including transportation, direct medical costs (e.g., consultation or booking fee, lab costs if not available at a public facility, non-ARV drug costs), costs of childcare: Free, $1, $3, or $10 | Structure | 2 (OR:2.36) | ||
Strauss | Location of service delivery: Health facility/clinic close to home or workplace (10 min travel), Health facility/clinic further from home or workplace (45 min travel), Community-based DART services, or At home | Structure | 4 (OR:1.54) | Provider attitude |
Participants/others seen at the same visit: Individual or Group | Process | 7 (OR: 0.60) | ||
Type of service provider: Professional health worker who is respectful and understanding, Professional health worker who is not respectful and understanding, Peer/layperson who is respectful and understanding, or Peer/layperson who is not respectful and understanding | Process | 1 (OR:4.68) | ||
Times (days and hours) of operation: Workweek only (standard hours: 8 am–4 pm), Workweek with early morning hours (opens at 5 am), Workweek with evening hours (open until 8 pm), or Workweek + weekend hours (7 days a week, 8 am–4 pm) | Structure | 6 (OR:1.10) | ||
Frequency of routine visits for ART refill: Four times a year (every 3 months) or Two times a year (every 6 months) | Structure | 5 (OR: 1.207) | ||
Total time for a visit, including registration, wait times, and time with providers. It does not include transportation time(30 min, 1 h, 2 h, or 4 h) | Structure | 3 (OR:1.70) | ||
The total cost of the visit including transportation, direct medical costs (e.g., consultation or booking fee, lab costs if not available at a public facility, non-ARV drug costs), costs of childcare: Free, $1, $3, or $10 | Structure | 2 (OR:1.77) | ||
Yelverton | ART administration characteristics | Structure | N/A | |
Side effects | Outcome | |||
Long-term effects | Outcome | |||
Sherer | Lowering viral load | Outcome | 1 (95%) | Lowering viral load |
Raising CD4 | Outcome | 2 (94%) | ||
Durability | Outcome | 2 (94%) | ||
Pill burden | Structure | 7 (70%) | ||
Dosing frequency | Structure | 6 (74%) | ||
Resistance profile | Outcome | 3 (89%) | ||
GI SE | Outcome | 5 (79%) | ||
Appearance SE | Outcome | 4 (80%) | ||
Cholesterol SE | Outcome | 8 (60%) | ||
Fuster | Dosage | Structure | 4 (Mean: 8.41) | Efficacy |
Characteristics related to simplifications | Structure | 8 (Mean: 6.40) | ||
Diet requirements | Structure | 7 (Mean: 7.16%) | ||
Tolerance | Outcome | 5 (Mean: 8.18) | ||
Toxicity | Outcome | 2 (Mean:8.70) | ||
Interactions | Outcome | 6 (Mean:8.13) | ||
Efficacy | Outcome | 1 (Mean:9.55) | ||
Available clinical evidence or information | Structure | 3 (Mean:8.64) | ||
Ostermann | Dosing: Number of pills: one pill once daily, two pills once daily, three pills once daily, one pill twice daily | Structure | 3 (17.00%) | Side effect |
Administration: The pills are small, but you must take them with a meal of at least 400 kcal. The pills are large (about 1 inch), but you can take them with or without a meal; or The pills are small, and you can take them with or without a meal | Structure | 4 (8.00% | ||
Side effects: Moderate diarrhea, -Moderate sleeping problems,-Moderate headaches, Moderate dizziness, Moderate depression or Jaundice | Outcome | 1 (44.00%) | ||
Long-term effect(over five years): Risk of heart attack, Risk of fracture owing to weakened bones, Risk of new or worse kidney problems, Risk of high cholesterol, or risk of high blood sugar | Outcome | 2 (32.00%) | ||
Sijstermans | Effect on life expectancy: Large positive effects(Live many years more), Moderate positive effects(Live a few more years), or Mild positive effects: Live a short while more (a few months, less than two years) | Outcome | 2 (23.00%) | Effect on physical activity |
Effect on physical activity: All physical activities without difficulty, Some physical activities with difficulty, or All physical activities with difficulty | Outcome | 1 (25.00%) | ||
Risk of moderate side-effects: 1%(Low risk of side-effects), 2.5% (Medium risk of side-effects), or 5% (Higher risk of side-effects) | Outcome | 4 (17.30%) | ||
Accessibility to the clinic: Less than 2 h, Between 2 and 5 h, or More than 5 h | Structure | 3 (20.50%) | ||
Economic costs to access controls: Subsidized travel costs, Low travel costs, paid by the patient or High travel costs, paid by the patient | Structure | 5 (14.20%) | ||
Goossens | Effect on life expectancy: Large positive effects(Live many years more), Moderate positive effects(Live a few more years), or Mild positive effects: Live a short while more (a few months, less than two years) | Outcome | 2 (26.00%) | Effect on physical activity |
Effect on physical activity: All physical activities without difficulty, Some physical activities with difficulty, or All physical activities with difficulty | Outcome | 1 (27.50%) | ||
Risk of moderate side-effects: 1%(Low risk of side-effects), 2.5%(Medium risk of side-effects), or 5%(Higher risk of side-effects) | Outcome | 4 (16.70%) | ||
Accessibility to the clinic: Less than 2 h, Between 2 and 5 h, or More than 5 h | Structure | 3 (22.10%) | ||
Economic costs to access controls: Subsidized travel costs, Low travel costs, paid by the patient or High travel costs, paid by the patient | Structure | 5 (7.60%) | ||
Eshun | Location of ART pick-up: Clinic or Community | Structure | 4 (7.70%) | Frequency of ART pick-up |
Frequency of ART pick-up: Every month or Every 3 months | Structure | 1 (62.14%) | ||
Time spent in picking up ART:1 h total, 3 h total, or 6 h total | Structure | 3 (10.30%) | ||
Time spent in seeing the doctor:1 h total,3 h total, or 5 h total | Structure | 5 (1.10% | ||
Adherence counseling: Individual counseling, Small group counseling (< 6 people), or Large group counseling (> 15 people) | Process | 6 (0.65%) | ||
Buddy system: Buddy system in place or No buddy system in place | Structure | 2 (18.16%) | ||
Hendriks | The drug has very high efficacy | Outcome | 1 (RIS:10.1) | The drug has very high efficacy |
Maximum prolongation of life expectancy | Outcome | 2 (RIS: 9.7) | ||
Long duration of efficacy | Outcome | 3 (RIS: 7.4) | ||
The drug improves the physical state | Outcome | 4 (RIS: 6.0) | ||
The drug does not generate resistance | Outcome | 5(RIS: 5.4) | ||
Emotional and mental state improved | Outcome | 6 (RIS: 5.3) | ||
The dosing of the drug may vary | Structure | 7 (RIS: 4.9) | ||
Once-daily application | Structure | 8 (RIS: 4.5) | ||
The drug allows further therapy options | Outcome | 9 (RIS: 4.4) | ||
The drug can be taken along without problems | Outcome | 10 (RIS: 3.9) | ||
The drug does not affect the appearance | Outcome | 11 (RIS: 3.7) | ||
Long-term use of the drug is possible | Outcome | 12 (RIS: 3.5) | ||
It can also be used in case of comorbidities | Outcome | 13 (RIS: 3.4) | ||
Pregnancy allowed | Outcome | 14 (RIS: 3.2) | ||
Simple application: only a few tablets | Structure | 15 (RIS: 3.1) | ||
Long term (hidden) side effects are unlikely | Outcome | 16 (RIS: 2.9) | ||
The drug does not cause additional costs | Outcome | 17 (RIS: 2.6) | ||
The drug allows an improved mobility | Outcome | 17 (RIS: 2.6) | ||
Flexible application | Structure | 19 (RIS: 2.2) | ||
Social contact opportunities improved | Outcome | 20 (RIS: 2.0) | ||
Treatment does not require much time | Structure | 20 (RIS:2.0) | ||
Self-application of the drug is possible | Structure | 22 (RIS: 1.8) | ||
Therapy-free intervals possible | Outcome | 22 (RIS:1.8) | ||
Inconspicuous drug intake | Outcome | 24 (RIS: 1.7) | ||
Rarely occurring diarrhea | Outcome | 25 (RIS: 1.2) | ||
Rarely occurring nausea | Outcome | 26 (RIS:0.9) | ||
Hauber | The chance that medicine does not work:7%,15% or 21% | Outcome | 5 | Chance of bone damage |
Chance of having an allergic reaction: None,1%,8% or 12% | Outcome | 4 | ||
Chance of bone damage: None, 1%, 5%, 10% | Outcome | 1 | ||
Chance of kidney damage: None,1%,5% or 10% | Outcome | 2 | ||
What happens if you have bone damage or kidney damage: You don’t know if the problem can be treated successfully, The problem can be treated successfully, or The problem cannot be treated successfully | Outcome | 3 | ||
Moyle | Side effects | Outcome | 1 (RI:4.1) | Side effects |
Potency | Outcome | 2 (RI:4.0) | ||
Dosing frequency | Structure | 3 (RI:2.6) | ||
Total daily pill load | Structure | 4 (RI:2.4) | ||
Number of pills per dose | Structure | 5 (RI:2.1) |