Table 1 Demographic and epidemiological parameters

Demographic parameters

 Total population of Uttar Pradesh State

199,812,341

169,840,490

229,784,192

Lognormal

Census 2011

 Birth rate (per 1000 population)

27.8

27.5

29.1

Lognormal

Census 2011

 Annual decline in birth rate (%)

− 0.04

− 0.03

− 0.05

Lognormal

 Maternal mortality ratio (per 100,000 live births)

258

241

275

Lognormal

Annual Health Survey (AHS) Report, 2012–2013

 Neonatal mortality rate (per 1000 live births)

40

23

43

Lognormal

Census 2011

Epidemiological parameters

 Prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women

0.51

0.34

0.68

Beta

NFHS-4, 2015–2016

 Risk of anaemia: for women taking IFA during pregnancy

0.25

0.21

0.28

Beta

Haider et al. [47]

 Risk of anaemia: for women not taking IFA during pregnancy

0.75

0.60

0.90

Beta

 Risk of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) among anaemic pregnant women

0.29

0.19

0.39

Beta

Prata et al. [48]

 Risk of prematurity among anaemic pregnant women

0.63

0.33

1.01

Beta

Rahman et al. [49]

 Risk of low birth weight (LBW) among anaemic pregnant women

0.31

0.13

0.51

Beta

 Probability of maternal mortality with PPH: with treatment

0.00038

0.00029

0.00047

Beta

Prata et al. [48]

 Probability of maternal mortality with PPH: without treatment

0.00051

0.00044

0.00058

Beta

 Probability of neonatal mortality due to prematurity: with treatment

0.102

0.082

0.122

Beta

Bang et al. [50]

 Probability of neonatal mortality due to prematurity: without treatment

0.332

0.266

0.398

Beta

 Probability of neonatal mortality due to LBW: with treatment

0.047

0.038

0.056

Beta

 Probability of neonatal mortality due to LBW: without treatment

0.113

0.090

0.136

Beta

 Prevalence of hypertension (HTN) in pregnancy

0.07

0.047

0.093

Beta

NFHS-4, 2015–2016

 Risk of preeclampsia in hypertensive pregnant women

0.63

0.422

0.838

Beta

Borade et al. [51]

 Risk of eclampsia in preeclampsia pregnant women

0.115

0.077

0.153

Beta

 Risk of perinatal complications due to eclampsia

0.524

0.351

0.697

Beta

The Magpie Trial 2007

 Probability of maternal mortality due to eclampsia among pregnant women: with treatment

0.18

0.144

0.216

Beta

 Probability of maternal mortality due to eclampsia among pregnant women: without treatment

0.4

0.32

0.48

Beta

 Probability of neonatal mortality due to perinatal complications: with treatment

0.102

0.082

0.122

Beta

Bang et al. [50]

 Probability of neonatal mortality due to perinatal complications: without treatment

0.332

0.266

0.398

Beta

Risk of maternal mortality in home deliveries

0.02

0.016

0.024

Beta

Montgomery et al. [52]

 Risk of maternal mortality in institutional deliveries

0.00279

0.00223

0.00335

Beta

Prevalence of sepsis in neonates

0.03

0.02

0.04

Beta

National Neonatal Perinatal Database

 Probability of neonatal deaths due to sepsis: with treatment

0.18

0.14

0.22

Beta

Seale et al. [53]

 Probability of neonatal deaths due to sepsis: without treatment

0.95

0.95

0.95

Beta

 Average length of illness (years): anemia

0.75

0.60

0.90

Lognormal

Expert opinion

 Average length of illness (years): PPH

0.01

0.01

0.01

Lognormal

 Average length of illness (years): HTN/eclampsia

0.75

0.60

0.90

Lognormal

 Average length of illness (years): prematurity

0.03

0.02

0.03

Lognormal

 Average length of illness (years): LBW

0.03

0.02

0.03

Lognormal

 Average length of illness (years): sepsis

0.03

0.02

0.03

Lognormal

 Average length of illness (years): perinatal complications

0.03

0.02

0.03

Lognormal

Impact parameters

 Increase in coverage of 3 ANC visits (%)

0.00

0.00

0.00

Lognormal

ReMiND-impact assessment study

 Increase in coverage of IFA (%)

12.70

8.70

16.70

Lognormal

 Increase in coverage of TT (%)

0.00

0.00

0.00

Lognormal

 Increase in coverage of care seeking (%)

25.7

13.70

41.10

Lognormal

 Increase in coverage of institutional delivery (%)

0.00

0.00

0.00

Lognormal

Cost parameters (INR)

 Health system costs

  Unit cost: ANC

525

456

619

Gamma

Prinja et al. [54]

  Unit cost: PNC

767

538

1092

Gamma

  Unit cost: immunization

97

77

120

Gamma

  Unit cost: institutional delivery

1872

1080

2990

Gamma

Prinja et al. [37] (PLOS one)

  Unit cost: PHC

   OPD

120

90

151

Gamma

   IPD

1156

343

2140

Gamma

  Unit cost: CHC

   OPD

126

92

160

Gamma

   IPD

1115

400

2188

Gamma

  Unit cost: gynaecology and obstetrics

   OPD

165

68

274

Gamma

Prinja et al. [55] (IJMR)

   IPD

997

592

1412

Gamma

  Unit cost: paediatrics

   OPD

137

102

182

Gamma

Prinja et al. [55] (IJMR)

   IPD

1028

444

1703

Gamma

Out of pocket expenditures (INR)

 Control: public

  ANC

406

305

508

Gamma

Primary data analysis (CEAAH)

  Institutional delivery

610

548

672

Gamma

  Postpartum care

1216

912

1520

Gamma

  Neonatal illness

   OPD

283

29

601

Gamma

   IPD

2357

852

6908

Gamma

 Control: private

  ANC

845

634

1056

Gamma

  Institutional delivery

13,000

11,154

14,846

Gamma

  Postpartum care

699

524

874

Gamma

  Neonatal illness

   OPD

769

472

1066

Gamma

   IPD

5164

3039

7289

Gamma

 Intervention: public

  ANC

878

659

1098

Gamma

  Institutional delivery

861

713

1009

Gamma

  Postpartum care

450

338

563

Gamma

  Neonatal illness

   OPD

380

145

615

Gamma

   IPD

1399

1049

1749

Gamma

 Intervention: private

  ANC

1420

1065

1775

Gamma

  Institutional delivery

16,900

11,051

22,749

Gamma

  Postpartum care

1791

1343

2239

Gamma

  Neonatal illness

   OPD

800

500

1100

Gamma

   IPD

1000

750

1250

Gamma