Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination in Germany

Table 7 Base case cost-effectiveness results (3-dose schedule)

Discounted costs (€), health outcomes and ICERs	No vaccination	Bivalent vaccination	Quadrivalent vaccination
Direct costs	15,429,115,908	18,232,755,877	17,039,657,688
Incremental direct costs^a	–	2,803,639,969	1,610,541,780
Direct and indirect costs	18,043,576,056	20,339,463,474	19,027,189,752
Incremental total costs^a	–	2,295,887,418	983,613,696
LYs lost	377,884	325,779	325,779
Incremental LYs gained^a	–	52,105	52,105
QALYs lost	547,617	465,757	438,136
Incremental QALYs gained^a	–	81,860	109,481
ICER (€/LY), health care payer perspective	–	53,807	30,910
ICER (€/LY), societal perspective	–	44,063	18,878
ICER (€/QALY), health care payer perspective	–	34,249	14,711
ICER (€/QALY), societal perspective	–	28,047	8984

ICER incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, QALY quality-adjusted life year, LY life year
^aCompared to no vaccination

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