Table 6 Discounted costs over a 100-year time horizon
From: Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination in Germany
Discounted costs (€ in thousands) | No vaccination | Bivalent vaccination | Quadrivalent vaccination |
|---|---|---|---|
Direct costs | |||
 Vaccine (3 doses) | 0 | 3,461,711 | 3,461,711 |
 Vaccine administration (3 doses) | 0 | 172,614 | 172,614 |
 Screening | 8,825,905 | 8,829,506 | 8,829,506 |
 Diagnostic follow-up of abnormal cytological screening results and observational management of CIN 1 and CIN 2 | 1,481,795 | 1,370,223 | 1,349,669 |
 Treatment of CIN | 1,739,325 | 1,387,470 | 1,349,167 |
 Treatment of CIS | 498,381 | 347,349 | 347,349 |
 Treatment of cervical cancer | 1,233,413 | 1,013,599 | 1,013,599 |
 Treatment of genital warts in females | 1,093,366 | 1,093,360 | 337,162 |
 Treatment of genital warts in males | 556,932 | 556,924 | 178,880 |
 Total direct costs | 15,429,116 | 18,232,756 | 17,039,658 |
Indirect costs (due to work loss) | |||
 Treatment of CIN | 1,978,965 | 1,618,578 | 1,566,941 |
 Treatment of CIS | 338,862 | 234,758 | 234,758 |
 Treatment of cervical cancer | 198,247 | 154,987 | 154,987 |
 Treatment of genital warts in females | 58,878 | 58,878 | 18,156 |
 Treatment of genital warts in males | 39,507 | 39,507 | 12,689 |
 Total indirect costs | 2,614,460 | 2,106,708 | 1,987,532 |
Total costs | |||
 Total direct and indirect costs | 18,043,576 | 20,339,463 | 19,027,190 |