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Table 3 Estimated Regression-adjusted Effect of CFS and ISF on Annual Healthcare Expenditures (in US Dollars, $)

From: The economic impact of chronic fatigue syndrome in Georgia: direct and indirect costs

All effects estimated relative to not-fatigued (NF) population, (Standard Errors in Parentheses)

 

Linear Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) for Untransformed Cost (y)

 

Total Expenditures

($2005)

Inpatient Hospital

Expenditures

($2005)

Ambulatory Provider Visits

($2005)

Rx Medications

($2005)

OTC Medications

($2005)

Other Health Costs

($2005)

Incremental Expenditures attributed to CFS

3084.95*** (799.09)

476.11

(437.06)

1590.70*** (598.98)

919.18*** (293.37)

111.99*** (36.98)

-13.03 (12.43)

Incremental Expenditures Attributed to ISF

1119.75** (476.46)

262.89 (254.04)

364.41 (272.99)

448.54*** (142.68)

31.81

(26.80)

12.09

(11.35)

AIC

8303.74

7815.93

7654.30

6969.76

5196.03

6361.90

BIC

8306.15

7818.34

7656.70

6972.17

5198.44

6364.30

 

Generalized Linear Model for Untransformed Cost ((y+1)) a

Incremental Expenditures attributed to CFS

3285.54***

(1026.50)

519.95

(582.17)

1343.25**

(587.55)

1241.13*

(694.19)

204.01*

(111.16)

-1.83

(1.28)

Incremental Expenditures Attributed to ISF

1058.27***

(352.68)

71.61

(122.50)

384.73

(250.49)

317.41**

(131.90)

46.83

(30.66)

0.82

(1.37)

AIC

17.33

11.12

16.62

12.54

10.37

2.68

BIC

-2045.41

1178.77

-1739.82

-205.99

-925.17

-2767.13

 

Two-Part Model (TPM) for Untransformed Cost (y)b

Incremental Expenditures Attributed to CFS

3618.21***

(1285.90)

602.70

(907.17)

1622.69***

(553.52)

1192.25***

(391.32)

189.13***

(54.14)

-16.30

(21.12)

Incremental Expenditures Attributed to ISF

1151.63

(751.45)

128.18

(577.98)

416.12

(322.03)

473.56***

(180.19)

63.30**

(25.14)

30.11

(37.49)

AIC

292.26

150.16

463.65

548.09

564.80

86.65

BIC

-2113.67

1359.96

-1250.64

371.70

-328.59

-1313.92

  1. * p < 0.1, ** p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.
  2. # Full GLM results in Additional file 2, Table S2.
  3. AIC: Akaike's information criterion; BIC: Schwarz's information criterion.
  4. a Generalized Linear Model with Gamma distribution and the log link function for all the categories of healthcare expenditures except for "Other Health Costs" with inverse Gaussian distribution.
  5. b Two-part model: the first part using a logistic regression for binary indicator (healthcare users vs. no-users) and the second part using GLM for positive healthcare costs.
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Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation

ISSN: 1478-7547

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