Cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with a history of macrovascular disease: a German perspective

Table 5 Breakdown of direct costs for pioglitazone versus placebo over a lifetime horizon

Cost (per patient)	Pioglitazone (€)	Placebo (€)	Difference (PIO – PLA) (€)
Treatment	22,941	20,151	2,790
Management	4,269	4,197	72
Total complication costs	78,223	79,486	-1,263
Total direct costs	105,433	103,834	1,599

Total direct medical costs were estimated as the sum of pharmacy costs based on resource use from PROactive, patient management costs (screening for retinopathy, nephropathy and foot ulcers), and the costs of all diabetes-related complications captured in the analysis. Values shown are means.

ISSN: 1478-7547