Are there differences between unconditional and conditional demand estimates? implications for future research and policy

Hidayat, Budi

doi:10.1186/1478-7547-6-15

Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation

Table 3 MNL estimation results using self-treatment as the comparison group

From: Are there differences between unconditional and conditional demand estimates? implications for future research and policy

	Unconditional estimates				Conditional estimates
	Public Providers		Private providers		Public providers		Private providers
	β ^a	[se]^b	β ^a	[se]^b	β ^a	[se]^b	β ^a	[se]^b
Askes	0.654^‡	[0.101]	0.125	[0.141]	0.511^‡	[0.153]	0.023	[0.193]
Jamsostek	0.512*	[0.270]	1.362^‡	[0.187]	0.314	[0.377]	1.086^‡	[0.344]
Askes*Inc	0.065*	[0.040]	-0.014	[0.049]	-0.031	[0.067]	0.019	[0.053]
Jamsostek*Inc.	-0.760^‡	[0.239]	-0.388^‡	[0.112]	-0.529*	[0.286]	-0.599^‡	[0.228]
Symptoms	1.955^‡	[0.123]	2.436^‡	[0.220]	1.287^‡	[0.176]	2.704^‡	[0.454]
ADLs limit	0.257^‡	[0.059]	0.390^‡	[0.079]	0.233*	[0.132]	0.373^‡	[0.142]
Vgood GHS^R
Good GHS	0.359^‡	[0.114]	0.472^‡	[0.148]	0.372*	[0.196]	0.396*	[0.238]
Poor GHS	1.383^‡	[0.126]	1.698^‡	[0.164]	1.421^‡	[0.207]	1.645^‡	[0.251]
Serious-ill	0.537^‡	[0.073]	0.847^‡	[0.084]	0.491^‡	[0.103]	0.859^‡	[0.126]
Female	0.604^‡	[0.056]	0.250^‡	[0.074]	0.548^‡	[0.100]	0.371^‡	[0.124]
HHs size	0.007	[0.011]	0.048^‡	[0.013]	0.003	[0.016]	0.023	[0.019]
Married	0.644^‡	[0.100]	-0.198*	[0.102]	0.744^‡	[0.169]	-0.021	[0.160]
No-schooling^R
Elementary	0.089	[0.080]	0.372^‡	[0.141]	0.074	[0.113]	0.424^†	[0.177]
Junior	0.038	[0.108]	0.459^‡	[0.168]	0.024	[0.164]	0.400*	[0.228]
Senior	0.039	[0.108]	0.512^‡	[0.164]	0.000	[0.164]	0.606^‡	[0.219]
High	-0.343^†	[0.151]	0.714^‡	[0.185]	-0.08	[0.221]	0.875^‡	[0.259]
Age (years)	-0.001	[0.003]	0.004	[0.004]	-0.001	[0.004]	-0.004	[0.005]
Ln. income	0.069*	[0.039]	0.431^‡	[0.051]	0.038	[0.059]	0.380^‡	[0.077]
Electricity	0.495^‡	[0.083]	1.144^‡	[0.198]	0.368^‡	[0.126]	0.919^‡	[0.248]
Ln. travel-cost	0.026^‡	[0.009]	0.027^†	[0.012]	0.024*	[0.013]	0.055^‡	[0.018]
Ln. travel-time	0.004	[0.003]	0.003	[0.004]	0.001	[0.005]	-0.002	[0.006]
Urban	-0.384^‡	[0.061]	0.193^†	[0.084]	-0.377^‡	[0.092]	-0.002	[0.124]
Region:Jakarta^R
Sumatra	0.324^‡	[0.119]	-0.264^†	[0.127]	0.05	[0.172]	-0.575^‡	[0.185]
West Java	0.314^‡	[0.118]	-0.053	[0.117]	0.280*	[0.170]	0.129	[0.164]
Central Java	0.242^†	[0.121]	0.163	[0.122]	0.183	[0.180]	-0.082	[0.188]
East Java	0.516^‡	[0.130]	0.578^‡	[0.137]	0.365*	[0.200]	0.552^‡	[0.206]
Bali & WNT	0.825^‡	[0.127]	0.301^†	[0.144]	0.483^‡	[0.180]	0.149	[0.196]
Kalimantan	0.692^‡	[0.149]	-0.902^‡	[0.256]	0.576^‡	[0.211]	-1.261^‡	[0.368]
Sulawesi	0.604^‡	[0.151]	-0.490^†	[0.236]	0.441^†	[0.219]	-0.649*	[0.338]
Constant	-7.121^‡	[0.504]	-13.031^‡	[0.686]	-5.766^‡	[0.793]	-12.365^‡	[1.081]
N	16,485				5055
Pseudo R²	0.144				0.118
Wald Chi-sq(58)	2308.17; sig. 0.000				782.78; sig. 0.000
Hausman test	16.7 (omitted-public), p-val = 0.98				1.18 (omitted-public), p-val = 1.00
IIA: X² (30)	13.1 (omitted-private), p-val = 0.99				5.11 (omitted-private), p-val = 1.00
Small-Hsiao	41.7 (omitted-public), p-val = 0.08;				18.3 (omitted-public), p-val = 0.95
test IIA: X²(30)	16.5 (omitted-private), p-val = 0.98				34.1 (omitted-private), p-val = 0.28

^aThe estimated parameters β; superscript ‡,†, and *significance at 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively.
^bRobust standard errors given in [brackets].
^RReferences (omitted groups).

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ISSN: 1478-7547

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