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Table 3 Factors influencing average costs per patient record using a fixed effects weighted least squares model

From: Economics of immunization information systems in the United States: assessing costs and efficiency

Variable

Coefficient

Impact

Immunization information system (IIS) record created within 6 weeks of birth

0.198356 **

$0.22

Clinic access to IIS data during patient encounter

-0.370097***

-$0.31

Update record in IIS within 30 days of vaccine administration

0.342897***

$0.41

Identify persons needing vaccine reminder/recall notifications

-0.179461**

-$0.16

Automatically produce immunization coverage reports

-0.117172*

-$0.11

Produce official immunization records

-0.190538**

-$0.17

Promote IIS data accuracy and completeness

0.411732***

$0.51

Received other federal government funding

0.328083***

$0.39

Received state government funds

-0.535686***

-$0.41

Received local government funds

0.716021*

$1.05

Received private organization funds

-0.272138**

-$0.24

Received in-kind support

0.579388***

$0.78

Proportion of vaccine providers participating in the IIS

1.364995***

0.25

(Proportion of vaccine providers participating in the IIS)2

-0.921197*

 

Proportion of IIS patient records that are children

-1.523795***

-0.71

Number of patient records in the IIS (all ages)

-0.000003***

-1.96

(Number of patient records in the IIS)2

0.000000***

 

Average wage of development personnel§

-0.047884***

-0.05

Average wage of operations personnel§

-0.122950***

-0.12

Average wage of development contractor§

-0.019642***

-0.02

Spending on development equipment§

0.062248***

0.06

Spending on operations equipment§

0.027393***

0.03

Spending on development supplies§

0.072092***

0.07

Spending on operations travel§

0.049979***

0.05

Other spending on development§

0.050567***

0.05

Contractual spending on development§

0.036724***

0.04

Contractual spending on operations§

0.053036***

0.05

  1. Dependent variable is natural log of Avg Cost | Only significant variables are displayed | Variables not displayed include: population density, standards 1,5–8, wage of operations contractor, supply, indirect & other expenses for operations, travel & indirect expenses for development, lagged deviation between funds & expenses, and receipt of CDC grant & other funds | Adj R2 = 0.96, SSR = 1.02, lnL = 62.19, N = 91 | *, **, *** indicate statistical significance at p < 0.1, p < 0.05, p < 0.01 respectively |2 indicates squared variable.
  2. † indicates marginal effect instead of elasticity.
  3. § indicates natural log.
  4. indicates IIS minimum functional standard recommended by the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD)'s Technical Working Group – http://www.cdc.gov/nip/registry/st_terr/tech/stds/min-funct-stds2001.htm