Changes in costs and effects after the implementation of disease management programs in the Netherlands: variability and determinants

Table 2 Sample characteristics by disease at baseline

	CVR	COPD	DMII	Total sample
	Mean (sd)	Mean (sd)	Mean (sd)	Mean (sd)
	[DMP range]	[DMP range]	[DMP range]	[DMP range]
Age	64.1 (9.7)	66.5 (10.0)	66.2 (9.7)	65.1** (9.9)
Age	[59.6;67.8]	[65.4;69.3]	[64.2;67.1]	[59.6;69.3]
% Females	48	48	43	47
Charlson comorbidity index	1.48 (1.10)	2.26 (1.28)	2.22 (0.99)	1.83** (1.20) [1.15;2.48]
% Low education	35	48	25	37**
% Employment	43	30	37	38**
% Single	26	36	30	30**

The table presents the mean (sd) unless otherwise indicated; in [] is given the range between DMPs i.e. lowest and highest values across DMPs in the same disease area; low education was defined as no or only primary education; The p-values show whether the values are statistically different between the diseases **Statistically different at p < 0.01 between the diseases.

ISSN: 1478-7547