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Table 3 Differences in health outcomes and resource use between Salut and non-Salut areas, for the total sample and the longitudinal subsample

From: Health and economic outcomes of a universal early intervention for parents and children from birth to age five: evaluation of the Salut Programme using a natural experiment

 

Total sample

Longitudinal subsample

Health outcomes

ATT (95% CI)a

p-value

ATT (95% CI)b

p-value

Pregnancy, delivery and around the child’s birth

Smokingc (yes)+

-0.02 (-0.05, 0.01)

0.32

-0.01 (-0.06, 0.03)

0.51

Pregnancy length (≥ 37 weeks) +

0.01 (-0.01, 0.04)

0.36

0.06 (0.03, 0.09)

7e-05**

Caesarean section (yes) +

-0.02 (-0.06, 0.03)

0.41

0.01 (-0.07, 0.08)

0.87

Birth weight (≥ 2500 g) ++

0.02 (-3e-04, 0.04)

0.05

0.02 (9e-03, 0.03)

4e-04*

Birth length (cm) ++

0.22 (-0.07, 0.51)

0.14

-0.14 (-0.59, 0.32)

0.56

LGAd (yes) ++

0.01 (-0.01, 0.03)

0.46

-0.03 (-0.08, 0.02)

0.21

SGAe (yes) ++

0.01 (-0.01, 0.02)

0.31

4e-03 (-0.02, 0.03)

0.74

Apgar scoref + + (≥ 7 points) at 1 min

0.01 (-0.02, 0.03)

0.61

0.02 (0.01, 0.04)

3e-03

at 5 min

0.01 (-4e-03, 0.02)

0.25

0.01 (-5e-05, 0.01)

0.05

at 10 min

2e-03 (-0.01, 0.01)

0.62

-0.01 (-0.03, 0.01)

0.39

Healthy childg + + (yes)

0.04 (-0.01, 0.08)

0.11

0.03 (-0.05, 0.12)

0.46

Mother’s inpatient careh + + (days)

0.07 (-0.11, 0.26)

0.44

0.21 (-0.17, 0.58)

0.27

From birth to 5

Mother’s inpatient carej ++ (days)

-0.24 (-1.40, 0.91)

0.68

0.94 (-0.81, 2.67)

0.29

Child’s inpatient carej + (days)

0.80 (-0.55, 2.15)

0.25

-1.17 (-2.76, 0.42)

0.15

Mother’s day patient visitsk++

0.01 (-0.01, 0.04)

0.33

-0.03 (-0.09, 0.02)

0.27

Child’s day patient visitsk+

0.01 (-0.06, 0.08)

0.78

-0.02 (-0.07, 0.04)

0.58

From age 1 to 5

Mother’s specialized outpatient doctor’s visitsl+

0.34 (-0.31, 0.98)

0.31

-1.64 (-3.72, 0.44)

0.12

Child’s specialized outpatient doctor’s visitsl++

0.08 (-0.58, 0.75)

0.81

-1.77 (-3.09, -0.44)

9e-03

  1. + Outcome maternal health
  2. ++ Outcome child health
  3. a Difference-in-difference estimates of the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). CIs and p-values were computed with the assumption that ATT was normally distributed and with a standard deviation equal to the bootstrap standard error.
  4. b Simple matching estimates of the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).
  5. CIs and p-values were computed with the assumption that ATT was normal distributed and with a standard deviation equal to the Abadie-Imbens standard error.
  6. c Smoking status at first antenatal visit, around pregnancy week 12.
  7. d Large for gestational age (LGA) – ≥2 SD above the reference population’s mean weight.
  8. e Small for gestational age (SGA) – ≤2 SD below the reference population’s mean weight.
  9. f A measure of the newborn’s physical condition 1, 5 and 10 min after birth, range 0–10.
  10. g A healthy child according to a paediatrician’s examination.
  11. h Mother’s inpatient care related to delivery.
  12. i Early inpatient care for mother and child, respectively, during the first two months after the child’s birth but not related to the delivery.
  13. j Cumulative duration of inpatient care for mother and child, respectively, over the child’s first five years, excluding care due to delivery complications.
  14. k Number of day patient visits for mother and child, respectively, over the child’s first five years, excluding care for the mother due to delivery complications.
  15. l Number of specialized outpatient doctor’s visits for mother and child, respectively, over the time when child is between one and five years old, excluding care for the mother due to delivery complications.
  16. *Statistically significant effect at the α = 0.05 level after a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, i.e. with the 36 outcome variables this implies a significance threshold of 0.05/36 = 0.00139.
  17. **Statistically significant effect at the α = 0.01 level after a Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons, i.e. with the 36 outcome variables this implies a significance threshold of 0.01/36 = 0.00028.
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Cost Effectiveness and Resource Allocation

ISSN: 1478-7547

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