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Table 3 Incremental costs per patient day of Advanced Critical Care for patients with severe and critical COVID-19 in Tanzania and Kenya, USD (2020 prices)

From: Essential emergency and critical care as a health system response to critical illness and the COVID19 pandemic: what does it cost?

 

Tanzania

Kenya

Severe

Critical

Severe

Critical

USD

%

USD

%

USD

%

USD

%

Hotel costs (accommodation + overheads)

0.01

0.1

2.90

1

0.08

0.4

24.73

10

Staffing costs

5.63

43

83.72

28

10.48

60

134.19

6

Oxygen provision

4.74

36

36.17

12

4.74

27

36.17

14

Pharmaceuticals (Medicines etc.)

1.70

13

113.40

38

0.54

3

112.46

45

Non-pharmaceutical costs (capital)

0.13

1

19.45

7

0.15

0.8

19.45

8

Non-pharmaceutical costs (fluids, devices etc. costs)

0.66

5

29.15

10

1.16

7

30.25

12

Personal protective equipment (PPE)

0.24

2

1.68

0.6

0.18

1

1.14

0.5

Support services (diagnostics)

0.00

0

10.83

4

0.00

0

11.25

4

Patient cost/day USDb

13.11 (9.20–18.29)

293.77 (250.37–344.88)

17.20 (15.30–19.17)

344.85 (275.25–430.29)

TOTAL Cost per patient per stay in hospitala

104.87

100.00

4162.18

100.00

242.56

100

5174.98

100.00

  1. aPercentages may not add to 100 due to rounding
  2. bMean and confidence interval generated using a Monte Carlo simulation (n = 1000) based on a gamma distribution with limiting values on the input cost categories defined by the scenario analyses