Table 1 Utility, care needs level, utilization rate of long-term care services, and long-term care costs by mRS grade

QOL utility [25] (base case)

0.89

γ(61.0, 68.5)

0.797

γ(90.0, 113.0)

0.65

γ(77.1, 118.7)

0.588

γ(77.0, 131.0)

0.363

γ(24.7, 68.1)

0.092

γ(1.32, 14.4)

0 (0)

Care needs level [27]

Support level 1

Support level 2

Care level1

Care level

2 or 3*

Care level 4 or 5*

Utilization rate of long-term care services [25]

0%

21.6%

91.5%

98.5%

1

1

0

Long-term care costs based on care needs level ($/month) [29]

219

γ(34.5, 0.2)

376

γ(36.4, 0.1)

806

γ(167.2, 0.2)

Level 2: 1090

γ(306.1, 0.2)

Level 3: 1596

γ(655.6, 0.4)

Level 4: 1914

γ(517.3, 0.3)

Level 5:2205

γ(686.3, 0.3)