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Table 5 Cost-effectiveness, cost/QALY (£, 2019): BOOST programme compared to Best Practice Advice

From: Economic costs, health-related quality of life outcomes and cost-utility of a physical and psychological group intervention targeted at older adults with neurogenic claudication

Scenario

Mean incremental cost (95% CI)

Mean incremental QALY (95% CI)

ICERa

Probability of cost-effectiveness

Net monetary benefits

BOOST programme vs. Best Practice Advice

BOOST programme vs. Best Practice Advice

P1

P2

P3

NMB1 (95% CI)

NMB2 (95% CI)

NMB3(95% CI)

Base case (Imputed, covariate adjusted, intention-to-treat) analyses

 NHS and PSS perspective

147.42 (− 419 to 714)

0.020 (− 0.003 to 0.044)

7211

0.673

0.745

0.832

145 (− 600.21 to 890.21)

244 (− 570 to 1058.01)

464 (− 531.90 to 1459.90)

Sensitivity analysis

 Societal perspective

36 (− 470 to 541)

0.021 (− 0.002 to 0.045)

1745

0.788

0.836

0.886

208 (− 534.17 to 950.17)

322 (− 521.72 to 1165.72)

551 (− 522.92 to 1624.92)

 Complete case (non-imputed) attributable costs and QALYs, covariate adjusted

182 (− 395 to 759)

0.04 (0.009 to 0.070)

4610

0.851

0.91

0.959

407 (− 374.37 to 1188.37)

605 (− 287.15 to 1497.15)

1000 (− 144.03 to 2144.03)

Subgroup analyses

Age

 65–74 years

− 6 (− 760 to 747)

0.030 (− 0.003 to 0.063)

Dominant

0.830

0.873

0.915

445 (− 501 to 1391)

595 (− 459 to 1649)

895 (− 413 to 2202)

 + 75 years

331 (− 529 to 1190)

0.010 (− 0.024 to 0.045)

32252

0.371

0.416

0.487

− 183 (− 1243 to 877)

− 132 (− 1302 to 1038)

− 30 (− 1459 to 1399)

Gender

 Male

− 314 (− 1201 to 572)

0.045 (0.009 to 0.080)

Dominant

0.964

0.977

0.987

978 (− 103 to 2058)

1201 (8 to 2393)

1646 (188 to 3103)

 Female

491 (− 245 to 1227)

0.002 (− 0.030 to 0.035)

201660

0.167

0.199

0.260

− 467 (− 1398 to 464)

− 455 (− 1492 to 582)

− 431 (− 1716 to 854)

Tilburg frailty indicator

 Not Frail

282.11 (− 539 to 1103)

0.015 (− 0.020 to 0.050)

18769

0.456

0.513

0.594

− 58 (− 1075 to 960)

17 (− 598 to 1044)

168 (− 1231 to 1566)

 Frail

− 6 (− 809to 796)

0.020 (− 0.014 to 0.053)

Dominant

0.725

0.763

0.808

293.28 (− 700 to 1286)

391 (− 2129 to 2209)

587 (− 763 to 1937)

ODI cut-off

 ODI <  = 22

− 383 (− 1530 to 764)

0.042 (− 0.004 to 0.088)

Dominant

0.926

0.943

0.960

1004 (− 382 to 2390)

1214 (− 313 to 2740)

1634 (− 228 to 3496)

 ODI > 22

334 (− 327 to 994)

0.018 (− 0.009 to 0.045)

18677

0.437

0.521

0.640

− 78 (− 902 to 746)

11 (− 901 to 923)

189 (− 930 to 1308)

Fear avoidance belief score

 0–14

346 (− 388 to 1079)

0.019 (− 0.012 to 0.050)

17877

0.452

0.532

0.645

− 73 (− 983 to 837)

23 (− 986 to 1033)

216 (− 1028 to 1460)

 15 + 

− 135 (− 1039 to 769)

0.024 (− 0.014 to 0.061)

Dominant

0.806

0.834

0.863

492 (− 628 to 1613)

611 (− 631 to 1852)

847 (− 679 to 2374)

Hand grip strength

 Men: < 30; Women: < 20

191 (− 738 to 1119)

0.022 (− 0.015 to 0.059)

8609

0.597

0.655

0.731

136 (− 998 to 1271)

247 (− 1001 to 1496)

468 (− 1051 to 1987)

 Men >  = 30; Women >  = 20

126 (− 628 to 881)

0.020 (− 0.012 to 0.051)

6404

0.642

0.698

0.768

164 (− 759 to 1087)

263 (− 759to 1284)

460 (− 797 to 1717)

  1. P1, P2, P3: probability cost-effective if cost-effectiveness threshold set at £15,000/QALY, £20,000/QALY or £30,000/QALY, respectively
  2. NMB1, NMB2,NMB3: net monetary benefit if cost-effectiveness threshold set at £15,000/QALY, £20,000/QALY or £30,000/QALY, respectively
  3. aICER: Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Dominance indicates average costs were less and average benefit greater for BOOST programme vs. BPA