Impacts of the medical arms race on medical expenses: a public hospital-based study in Shenzhen, China, during 2009–2013

Table 1 Variable measurements and data sources

Variables	Measurements	Data sources
Medical expenses	Outpatient fees per visit	Shenzhen Health Statistical Yearbook
Medical expenses	Inpatient fee per capita	Shenzhen Health Statistical Yearbook
Medical arms race	The total cost of medical equipment worth over 1 million yuan	Annual reports from the Shenzhen Municipal Health Commission
Medical arms race	The total amount of medical equipment worth over 1 million yuan	Shenzhen Health Statistical Yearbook
Medical resources	Number of physicians	Shenzhen Health Statistical Yearbook
	Number of nurses
	Number of beds
Government financial support	Government financial investments	Shenzhen Health Statistical Yearbook
Government financial support	Government financial investments/total hospital revenue	Shenzhen Health Statistical Yearbook
Economic development of the district	GDP per capita in the district	Shenzhen Statistical Yearbook
hospital type	1 = General hospitals 0 = Specialized hospitals	Shenzhen Health Statistical Yearbook
Hospital grade	1 = Tertiary hospitals 0 = Secondary or primary hospitals	Shenzhen Health Statistical Yearbook
Healthcare market competition in the district	Herfindahl–Hirschman Index (HHI)	Shenzhen Health Statistical Yearbook
Aging rate in the district	Population over age 60 in the district/district population	Shenzhen Statistical Yearbook

ISSN: 1478-7547