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Table 1 The comparison of the characteristics of the COVID-19 patients with ≤ 9 and > 9 hospitalization days

From: Which patients bring the most costs for hospital? A study on the cost determinants among COVID-19 patients in Iran

Covariates

 ≤ 9 Days (n = 652)

N (%)

 > 9 Days (n = 257)

N (%)

P-value

Gender

 Male

349 (53.53)

124 (48.25)

0.151

 Female

303 (46.47)

133 (51.75)

 

Age

 < 60 year

368 (56.44)

91 (35.41)

 < 0.001

 ≥ 60 year

284 (43.56)

166 (64.59)

 

Marriage status

 Married

563 (86.35)

210 (82.03)

0.078

 Single

28 (4.29)

9 (3.52)

 

 Divorced and dead

61 (9.36)

37 (14.45)

 

Residence

 City

562 (86.20)

217 (84.44)

0.495

 Village

90 (13.80)

40 (15.56)

 

Consumption of opiate

 No

629 (96.47)

248 (96.50)

0.985

 Yes

23 (3.53)

9 (3.50)

 

Co-morbidity

 No

382 (58.59)

100 (38.91)

 < 0.001

 Diabetes

39 (5.98)

21 (8.17)

 

 Cardiovascular

57 (8.74)

23 (8.95)

 

 Hypertension

98 (15.03)

50 (19.46)

 

 Both

76 (11.66)

63 (24.51)

 

Systolic BP (mm Hg)

 > 90

643 (98.92)

255 (99.22)

0.740*

 ≤ 90

7 (1.08)

2 (.78)

 

Breath pattern

 Normal

66 (13.1)

15 (8.5)

0.040

 Takipeneh

413 (82.1)

146 (82.5)

 

 Dispeneh and distress

24 (4.8)

16 (9.0)

 

Pulmonary lung

 Normal

509 (78.07)

199 (77.43)

0.715

 Crackling (rales)

131 (20.09)

55 (21.40)

 

 Wheezing

12 (1.84)

3 (1.17)

 

Number of breath (per minute)

 ≤ 30

629 (96.77)

247 (96.48)

0.829

 > 30

21 (3.23)

9 (3.52)

 

Heart beat (per minute)

 ≤ 125

628 (96.76)

252 (98.05)

0.294

 > 125

21 (3.24)

5 (1.95)

 

SPO2 (%)

 > 90

243 (37.27)

24 (9.34)

 < 0.001

 ≤ 90

409 (62.73)

233 (90.66)

 

ECG

 Normal

517 (82.9)

181 (72.7)

0.001

 Abnormal

107 (17.1)

5 (27.3)

 

CRP

 Negative

160 (26.14)

46 (19.01)

0.028

 Positive

452 (73.86)

196 (80.99)

 

ESR

 Normal

55 (9.06)

16 (6.43)

0.204

 Abnormal

552 (90.94)

233 (93.57)

 

BUN (mg/dL)

 5–20

513 (79.29)

168 (66.14)

 < 0.001

 > 20

134 (20.71)

86 (33.86)

 

Cr (mg/dL)

 0.8–1.3

460 (71.32)

178 (70.08)

0.025

 < 0.8

84 (13.02)

21 (8.27)

 

 > 1.3

101 (15.66)

55 (21.65)

 

PT (Sec, n = 366)

 11–13

350 (62.28)

166 (69.46)

0.052

 > 13

212 (37.72)

73 (30.54)

 

PTT (Sec)

 25–35

304 (54.58)

116 (48.54)

0.118

 > 35

253 (45.42)

123 (51.46)

 

Platelet (×1000 µL)

 130–400

543 (84.84)

202 (78.60)

0.024

 < 130

97 (15.16)

55 (21.40)

 

WBC (×1000 µL)

 4.5–11

418 (65.21)

164 (63.81)

0.437

 < 4.5

177 (27.61)

68 (26.46)

 

 > 11

46 (7.18)

25 (9.73)

 

Lymphocytes (%)

 20–40

417 (63.96)

126 (49.03)

 < 0.001

 < 20

219 (33.59)

129 (50.19)

 

 > 40

16 (2.45)

2 (.78)

 

Monocytes (%)

 2–8

438 (81.56)

186 (81.58)

0.802*

 < 2

94 (17.50)

41 (17.98)

 

 > 8

5 (.93)

1 (.44)

 

Neutrophils (%)

 40–60

119 (18.71)

25 (9.80)

0.001

 < 40

3 (.47)

5 (1.96)

 

 > 60

514 (80.82)

225 (88.24)

 

HCT

 Normal

453 (70.89)

170 (66.15)

0.267

 Low

155 (24.26)

69 (26.85)

 

 High

31 (4.85)

18 (7.00)

 

HB

 Normal

474 (73.83)

182 (70.82)

0.568

 Low

151 (23.52)

69 (26.85)

 

 High

17 (2.65)

6 (2.33)

 

LDH (U/L)

 ≤ 942

539 (93.90)

186 (84.55)

 < 0.001

 > 942

35 (6.10)

34 (15.45)

 

CPK (IU/L)

 ≤ 342

450 (87.89)

156 (77.61)

0.001

 > 342

62 (12.11)

45 (22.39)

 

SGOT (U/L)

 ≤ 45

447 (76.15)

152 (62.04)

 < 0.001

 > 45

140 (23.85)

93 (37.96)

 

SGPT (U/L)

 ≤ 37

444 (77.22)

169 (69.83)

0.026

 > 37

131 (22.78)

73 (30.17)

 

Alp (U/L)

 < 270

477 (87.52)

199 (86.90)

0.812

 ≥ 270

68 (12.48)

30 (13.10)

 

K (mEq/L)

 3.5–5.1

36 (5.52)

18 (7.00)

0.024

 < 3.5

588 (90.18)

217 (84.44)

 

 > 5.1

28 (4.29)

22 (8.56)

 

NA (mEq/L)

 136–145

443 (69.11)

157 (62.30)

0.053

 < 136

190 (29.64)

94 (37.30)

 

 > 145

8 (1.25)

1 (.40)

 

BS (mg/dL)

 70–105

175 (37.15)

48 (22.75)

 < 0.001

 ≥ 105

296 (62.85)

163 (77.25)

 

ICU

 No

547 (84.0)

102 (39.7)

 < 0.001

 Yes

104 (16.0)

155 (60.3)