Systematic review and critical methodological appraisal of community-based falls prevention economic models

Table 3 Methods for assessing heterogeneity in decision models

Study label^a	Subgroup delineating variables
Study label^a	Age	Sex	Social	Falls history	Falls risk^b	Chronic disease and Med. use	Physical capacity
Alhambra-Borras et al. (2019)	SA	SA
Boyd et al. (2020)	SA	SA	SA: ethnic	SA
Carande-Kulis et al. (2015)	TA			TA
CSP (2016)
Day et al. (2009)	IN			IN		IN	IN
Deverall et al. (2018)	TA	SA	SA: ethnic
Eldridge et al. (2005)				IN	IN
Franklin et al. (2019)	TA
Hiligsmann et al. (2014)	TA	TA
Hirst et al. (2016)	TA
Honkanen et al. (2006)	TA	TA					SA
Ippoliti et al. (2018)			SA: region
Johansson et al. (2008)	SA	SA
Lee et al. (2013)	SA	SA					TA
McLean et al. (2015)		SA
Mori et al. (2017)	TA					TA
Moriarty et al. (2019)						Separate models^c
Nshimyumukiza et al. (2013)	TA					IN
OMAS (2008)		SA; IN			IN	IN	IN
Pega et al. (2016)	TA	SA	SA: ethnic	TA
Poole et al. (2014)	SA; TA	SA
Poole et al. (2015)	SA; TA
PHE (2018)				IN
Smith et al. (2016)					TA
Wilson et al. (2017)	TA	SA	SA: ethnic	TA
Wu et al. (2010)	SA
Zarca et al. (2014)	TA	SA					TA

CSP Chartered Society of Physiotherapy, ethnic. Ethnicity, Exo exogenous, Int. intervention, IN intervention need, Med. medication, OMAS Ontario Medical Advisory Secretariat, PHE Public Health England, RCN Royal College of Nursing, SA subgroup analysis, TA targeting analysis
^aSee Table 1 for study references
^bModels which evaluated a falls risk screening process and targeted intervention at high fall risk individuals in base case analysis but did not explore alternative non-targeted or differently targeted scenario(s) (e.g., CSP [96] and Franklin et al. [92]) were not marked as having performed TA
^cThe study constructed separate models for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, benzodiazepine and proton pump inhibitor users. The latter could be interpreted as intervention subgroups within the same target population

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