Variables | Variable category (assignment) | Sample size (N %) | Complications group (N = 58) | Non-complications group (N = 116) | Kruskal–Wallis chi-squared | P-value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographic information | ||||||
Age | 18–45:1 | 50 (28.57%) | 14 (24.14%) | 36 (30.77%) | 0.83077 | 0.3621 |
45–65:2 | 125 (71.42%) | 44 (75.86%) | 81 (69.23%) | |||
Gender | Male (1) | 144 (82.29%) | 48 (82.76%) | 96 (82.05%) | 0.013234 | 0.9084 |
Female (2) | 31 (19.61%) | 10 (17.24%) | 21 (17.95%) | |||
BMI (kg/m2) | < 18.5 (1) | 13 (7.43%) | 4 (6.90%) | 9 (7.69%) | 10.053 | 0.03954 |
18.5–23 (2) | 88 (50.29%) | 38 (65.52%) | 50 (42.74%) | |||
23–25 (3) | 39 (22.29%) | 7 (12.07%) | 32 (27.35%) | |||
25–30 (4) | 33 (18.86%) | 7 (15.51%) | 24 (20.51%) | |||
> 30 (5) | 2 (1.14%) | 0 (0%) | 2 (1.71%) | |||
Disease information | ||||||
ISHAK | Continuous variable (\(mean\) \(\pm SD\)) | 4.94 \(\pm 1.34\) | 4.86 \(\pm 1.22\) | 4.97 \(\pm 1.09\) | 1.9552 | 0.744 |
Tumor diameter | Continuous variable (\(mean\pm SD\)) | 5.69 \(\pm 3.40\) | 6.58 \(\pm 3.49\) | 5.26 \(\pm 3.28\) | 70.943 | 0.1577 |
Tumor number | 1 (1) | 145 (82.86%) | 46 (79.31%) | 99 (84.61%) | 5.187 | 0.3935 |
2 (2) | 16 (9.14%) | 4 (6.90%) | 12 (10.23%) | |||
3 (3) | 7 (4.00%) | 4 (6.90%) | 3 (2.56%) | |||
4 (4) | 4 (2.29%) | 2 (3.45%) | 2 (1.70%) | |||
5 (5) | 2 (1.14%) | 1 (1.72%) | 1 (0.85%) | |||
6 (6) | 1 (0.57%) | 1 (1.72%) | 0 (0%) | |||
Invade the capsule or not | No (0) | 84 (48.00%) | 24 (41.37%) | 60 (51.28%) | 1.5148 | 0.2184 |
Yes (1) | 91 (52.00%) | 34 (58.62%) | 57 (48.71%) | |||
With cancer thrombus | No (0) | 133 (76.00%) | 41 (70.69%) | 92 (78.63%) | 1.3336 | 0.2482 |
Yes (1) | 42 (24.00%) | 17 (29.31%) | 25 (21.37%) | |||
Tissue differentiation | High differentiation (1) | 4 (2.29%) | 1 (1.72%) | 3 (2.56%) | 2.0111 | 0.3658 |
Middle differentiation (2) | 152 (86.86) | 48 (82.76%) | 104 (88.89%) | |||
Low differentiation (3) | 19 (10.85%) | 9 (15.51%) | 10 (8.55%) | |||
Surgical information | ||||||
Incision type | Kocher’s incision (1) | 129 (73.71%) | 51 (87.93%) | 78 (66.67%) | 8.9975 | 0.002704 |
Abdominal incision (2) | 46 (26.28%) | 7 (12.07%) | 39 (33.33%) | |||
Incision length | Continuous variable (\(\mathrm{mean}\pm \mathrm{SD}\)) | 23.31 \(\pm 4.61\) | 24.78 \(\pm 3.67\) | 22.58 \(\pm 4.87\) | 37.703 | 0.04944 |
Duration | Continuous variable (\(mean\) \(\pm SD\)) | 201.04 \(\pm 58.\) | 234.1\(\pm 59.47\) | 184.64\(\pm 51.44\) | 64.607 | 0.04017 |
Incision range | One liver segment (1) | 37 (21.14%) | 5 (8.62%) | 32 (27.35%) | 16.294 | 0.0009869 |
Two liver segments (2) | 55 (31.42%) | 16 (27.59%) | 39 (33.33%) | |||
Three liver segments (3) | 44 (25.14%) | 15 (25.86%) | 29 (24.78%) | |||
Four liver segments (4) | 39 (22.28%) | 22 (37.93%) | 17 (14.53%) | |||
Bleeding | Continuous variable (\(mean\pm SD\)) | 380\(\pm 307.82\) | 516.72 \(\pm 382.87\) | 312.22 \(\pm 236.90\) | 34.274 | 0.02433 |
Outcome variables | ||||||
Complications | No (0) | 117 (66.48%) | ||||
Yes (1) | 58 (33.52%) |