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Table 1 Model parameters and values applied in the analyses

From: Cost-effectiveness of using amyloid positron emission tomography in individuals with mild cognitive impairment

Parameters

Point estimates (range for sensitivity analysis)

References

Annual transition probabilities

 Clinically normal MCI

0.0341

KLOSCADa

 MCI clinically normal

0.0641

KLOSCAD

 AN MCI mild AD

0.0211

KLOSCAD

 MCI non-AD dementia

0.0017

KLOSCAD

 Mild AD moderate AD

0.3220

[29]

 Mild AD severe AD

0.0420

[29]

 Moderate AD mild AD

0.0430

[29]

 Moderate AD severe AD

0.3390

[29]

Excess mortality riskb

 Moderate AD

2.57

[29]

 Severe AD

7.82

[29]

Prevalence of amyloid positivity in MCI

0.3910 (0.3617, 0.5556)c

Authord

Relative risk of AD conversion of AP MCI

7.95 (3.53, 15.20)c

SR

Diagnostic accuracy of amyloid-PET

 Sensitivity

0.92

[35]

 Specificity

1

[35]

Quality of life weight

 Clinically normal (age ≥ 65)

0.874

KNHANES

 MCI

0.80

[36]

 Mild AD

0.43

[36]

 Moderate AD

0.21

[36]

 Severe AD

0.17

[36]

Medical cost per year ($)e

 Clinically normal

0

–

 MCI

794

[36]

 Mild AD

2113

[36]

 Moderate AD

1478

[36]

 Severe AD

1819

[36]

Non-medical cost per year ($)

 Clinically normal

0

–

 MCI

2539

[36]

 Mild AD

10,956

[36]

 Moderate AD

11,796

[36]

 Severe AD

14,273

[36]

Amyloid PET cost ($)

1041 (520, 1561)f

Author

Additional follow-up cost per 1 visit ($)

27 (14, 41)f

HIRA + [36]

Treatment effect

0.85 (0.70, 0.93)g

SR

Virtual intervention effect for AP MCIh

1 (0.95, 1)

Assumption

Start age

60 (60, 80)

–

Discount rate

0.05

–

  1. AD Alzheimer’s disease, AN amyloid negative, AP amyloid positive, HIRA Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service, KNHANES Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, MCI Mild Cognitive Impairment, SR Systematic Review result by authors
  2. aKorean longitudinal study on cognitive aging and dementia. The values in the table are unpublished data. For a description of the KLOSCAD cohort, see Han et al.[30]
  3. bNeumann et al. did not directly present excessive mortality risks [29]. Authors calculated it based on their annual probabilities
  4. cThe minimum and maximum value were obtained from Doraiswamy et al. [31], Ong et al. [32], Schreiber et al. [33], and Thurfjell et al.[34]
  5. dThe values derived from survey or clinical study performed with this economic evaluation study
  6. eAll costs were measured in 2017 and converted as follows: 1,130 KW to 1 USD
  7. fThe range of sensitivity analyses for cost items, ± 50% of the base-case value was set to the range
  8. gThe minimum and maximum value were obtained from individual studies included in the synthesis
  9. hIf the effect is 0.95, it means that the probability of moving from AP MCI state to mild AD state will be 0.95 times