Table 1 General characteristics of the study population
Variables | Total | CHE experience in 2015a | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | Yes (%) | No (%) | ||
Economic activity (2014 → 2015) | <.0001 | |||
Active → active | 6837 (54.9) | 87 (1.3) | 6750 (98.7) | |
Inactive → active | 796 (6.4) | 26 (3.3) | 770 (96.7) | |
Active → inactive | 611 (4.9) | 26 (4.3) | 585 (95.7) | |
Inactive → inactive | 4210 (33.8) | 158 (3.8) | 4052 (96.2) | |
Sex | 0.1211 | |||
Men | 5667 (45.5) | 122 (2.2) | 5545 (97.8) | |
Women | 6787 (54.5) | 175 (2.6) | 6612 (97.4) | |
Age | <.0001 | |||
19–34 | 1808 (14.5) | 7 (0.4) | 1801 (99.6) | |
35–49 | 3619 (29.1) | 12 (0.3) | 3607 (99.7) | |
50–64 | 3449 (27.7) | 56 (1.6) | 3393 (98.4) | |
65– | 3578 (28.7) | 222 (6.2) | 3356 (93.8) | |
Marital status | 0.3432 | |||
Married | 8834 (70.9) | 218 (2.5) | 8616 (97.5) | |
Single, widowed, divorced, separated | 3620 (29.1) | 79 (2.2) | 3541 (97.8) | |
Educational level | <.0001 | |||
Middle school and below | 4126 (33.1) | 218 (5.3) | 3908 (94.7) | |
High school | 4473 (35.9) | 60 (1.3) | 4413 (98.7) | |
College and over | 3855 (31.0) | 19 (0.5) | 3836 (99.5) | |
Medical aid | 0.5929 | |||
No | 12,051 (96.8) | 289 (2.4) | 11,762 (97.6) | |
Yes | 403 (3.2) | 8 (2.0) | 395 (98.0) | |
Disability status | <.0001 | |||
No | 11,571 (92.9) | 253 (2.2) | 11,318 (97.8) | |
Yes | 883 (7.1) | 44 (5.0) | 839 (95.0) | |
Charlson comorbidity index | <.0001 | |||
0 | 10,321 (82.9) | 173 (1.7) | 10,148 (98.3) | |
1 | 1475 (11.8) | 73 (4.9) | 1402 (95.1) | |
2+ | 658 (5.3) | 51 (7.8) | 607 (92.2) | |
Unmet medical needs | 0.0271 | |||
No | 9401 (75.5) | 208 (2.2) | 9193 (97.8) | |
Yes | 3053 (24.5) | 89 (2.9) | 2964 (97.1) | |
Current smoker | <.0001 | |||
No | 10,207 (82.0) | 270 (2.6) | 9937 (97.4) | |
Yes | 2247 (18.0) | 27 (1.2) | 2220 (98.8) | |
Alcohol consumption | <.0001 | |||
No | 8176 (65.6) | 128 (1.6) | 8048 (98.4) | |
Yes | 4278 (34.4) | 169 (4.0) | 4109 (96.0) | |
Region | <.0001 | |||
Urban area | 5298 (42.5) | 74 (1.4) | 5224 (98.6) | |
Rural area | 7156 (57.5) | 223 (3.1) | 6933 (96.9) | |
Head of household | <.0001 | |||
Householder | 5986 (48.1) | 177 (3.0) | 5809 (97.0) | |
Non-householder | 6468 (51.9) | 120 (1.9) | 6348 (98.1) | |
Household income level | 0.0020 | |||
Low | 5136 (41.2) | 151 (2.9) | 4985 (97.1) | |
Middle | 3762 (30.2) | 81 (2.2) | 3681 (97.8) | |
High | 3556 (28.6) | 65 (1.8) | 3491 (98.2) | |
Lagged household income level (in 2014) | <.0001 | |||
Low | 4528 (36.4) | 227 (5.0) | 4301 (95.0) | |
Middle | 3952 (31.7) | 54 (1.4) | 3898 (98.6) | |
High | 3974 (31.9) | 16 (0.4) | 3958 (99.6) | |
Lagged dependent variable (in 2014) | <.0001 | |||
With CHE | 292 (2.3) | 60 (20.5) | 232 (79.5) | |
Without CHE | 12,162 (97.7) | 237 (1.9) | 11,925 (98.1) | |
Total | 12,454 (100.0) | 297 (2.4) | 12,157 (97.6) | |