Table 7 GMM empirical results of hospital level on medical expenditure
Variables | Medical expenditure | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total medical expenditure | Drug expenditure | Diagnostic testing expenditure | Medical consumables expenditure | Nursing care expenditure | Bed expenditure | Surgery expenditure | Blood expenditure | |
Hospital level | − 0.2665*** (− 27.21) | 0.0029 (0.18) | − 0.1737*** (− 8.83) | 0.6074*** (17.06) | 0.2073*** (16.59) | − 0.1468*** (− 14.01) | − 1.3639*** (− 9.57) | − 0.2807 (− 1.45) |
Interaction item between hospital level and disease type | 0.0395*** (10.16) | 0.0154*** (3.56) | 0.0544*** (10.32) | − 0.0687*** (− 6.73) | − 0.0187*** (− 5.12) | − 0.0297*** (− 10.15) | 0.0252 (0.43) | 0.1063 (1.41) |
Interaction item between hospital level and reimbursement ratio | − 0.0456*** (− 4.70) | − 0.2195*** (− 12.91) | − 0.4968*** (− 25.75) | − 1.0707*** (− 29.65) | − 0.3166*** (− 25.44) | 0.2391*** (21.05) | 1.8055*** (19.04) | − 0.0554 (− 0.36) |
Reimbursement ratio | 2.8639*** (104.50) | 3.4897*** (97.41) | 3.0035*** (181.38) | 2.5526*** (102.23) | 1.3029*** (38.28) | 1.2942*** (32.73) | 1.6225*** (27.47) | 0.5205*** (8.44) |
Deductible | − 0.0005*** (− 63.59) | − 0.0012*** (− 83.60) | 0.0002*** (14.07) | − 0.0021*** (− 84.77) | − 0.0007*** (− 67.91) | − 0.0002*** (− 22.20) | − 0.0006*** (− 9.30) | − 0.0009*** (− 10.12) |
Gender | − 0.0222*** (− 16.32) | − 0.0572*** (− 24.42) | 0.0071*** (3.16) | − 0.0854*** (− 20.42) | 0.0026* (1.67) | 0.0090*** (6.13) | 0.1256*** (11.67) | − 0.0774*** (− 5.87) |
Age | 0.0034*** (94.57) | 0.0043*** (70.72) | 0.0105*** (167.93) | 0.0009*** (9.61) | − 0.0009*** (− 18.49) | − 0.0012*** (− 29.03) | − 0.0009*** (− 2.66) | − 0.0018*** (− 4.70) |
Length of stay | 0.0369*** (26.52) | 0.0445*** (25.07) | 0.0136*** (24.15) | 0.0175*** (21.57) | 0.0554*** (32.12) | 0.0582*** (28.66) | 0.0123*** (10.79) | 0.0007 (1.18) |
Disease type | − 0.0133*** (− 10.22) | − 0.0727*** (− 32.26) | − 0.1792*** (− 89.13) | 0.2705*** (61.89) | 0.0016 (0.96) | − 0.0134*** (− 8.52) | 1.0783*** (54.24) | 0.0662*** (3.58) |
Constant term | 5.5159*** (488.71) | 3.9204***(246.49) | 3.7763***(339.61) | 2.6889*** (148.19) | 3.4860*** (255.49) | 3.7007*** (240.35) | 2.4218*** (38.25) | 7.0801*** (103.57) |
R2 | 0.6368 | 0.4491 | 0.4434 | 0.0863 | 0.4681 | 0.5304 | 0.0466 | 0.0262 |
Sample size | 488,623 | 486,558 | 483,777 | 483,797 | 488,166 | 486,079 | 117,194 | 8885 |