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Table 5 Average indicator efficiencies in the high-income and upper-middle income cities

From: Dynamic linkages among economic development, environmental pollution and human health in Chinese

City

2013

2014

CO2

AQI

Respiratory

Energy

Healthcare expenditure

CO2

AQI

Respiratory

Mortality

Energy

Healthcare expenditure

High-income

0.814

0.837

0.801

0.788

0.491

0.741

0.972

0.884

0.875

0.760

0.530

Upper-middle income

0.659

0.799

0.848

0.653

0.461

0.659

0.938

0.805

0.813

0.649

0.460

City

2015

2016

CO2

AQI

Respiratory

Energy

Healthcare expenditure

CO2

AQI

Respiratory

Mortality

Energy

Healthcare expenditure

High-income

0.793

0.716

0.866

0.793

0.356

0.665

0.882

0.840

0.869

0.665

0.451

Upper-middle income

0.668

0.636

0.855

0.652

0.373

0.522

0.803

0.839

0.841

0.522

0.454