Table 1 Income elasticities of the WTP for a reduction in mortality risks—results of meta-analyses
From: Differential discounting in the economic evaluation of healthcare programs
Author and year | Type of included studies and data base [(a): number of VSL estimates; (b): number of studies; (c): number of countries] | Results |
|---|---|---|
Liu et al. 1997 [55] | WR; (a) 17;(b) 17; (c) 3 | 0.53, ns |
Miller 2000 [56] | WR, PR, SP; (a) 68; (b) 27; (c) 13 | 0.85–1.00 |
Bowland et al. 2001 [57] | WR; (a) 33; (b) na; (c) na | 1.52–2.27 |
Mrozek et al. 2002 [58] | WR; (a) 203; (b) 33; (c) na | 0.37–0.49 |
De Blaeij et al. 2003 [59] | WR, SP, CPLS; (a) 95; (b) 30; (c) 10 | 0.50 |
Viscusi et al. 2003 [60] | WR; (a) 49; (b) 49; (c) 11 | 0.46–0.60 |
Kluve et al. 2008 [61] | WR, PR, SP; (a) 42; (b) 37; (c) 10 | − 0.26, ns |
Bellavance et al. 2009 [62] | WR; (a) 32; (b) 32; (c) 8 | 0.84–1.08 |
Lindhjelm et al. 2011 [63] | SP; (a) 856; (b) 76; (c) 24 | 1.17–1.31 |
Reduced data seta: (a) 405; (b) na; (c) na | 0.77–0.88 | |
Exclusion of VSL estimates according to authors’ recommendations: (a) 350; (b) na; (c) na | 0.74–0.89 | |
Passed internal or external scope test: (a) 297; (b) na; (c) na | 0.69–0.74 | |
Passed internal and external scope test: (a) 79; (b) na; (c) na | 0.25–0.30 | |
Studies with identical questionnaire: (a) 169; (b) na; (c) na | 0.30–0.44 | |
Doucouliagos et al. 2012 [64]b | WR; (a) 32; (b) 32; (c) 8; re-analysis of the dataset used in [60] | 0.20–0.38 |
Doucouliagos et al. 2014 [54]b | WR; (a) 101; (b) 14 meta-analyses; (c) na | 0.25–0.63 |
Viscusi 2015 [65]b | WR; (a) 550; (b) 17; (c) 1 | 0.53–0.59 |
Viscusi et al. 2017 [66]b | WR; (a) 953); (b) 68; (c) 14 | 0.78 |
Majumder et al. 2017 [67] | WR; (a) 34; (b) 30; (c) na | 0.26 |
Viscusi 2018 [68]b | WR; (a) 1025; (b) 68; (c) 14 | 0.53–0.85 |
Masterman et al. 2018 [69]b | SP; (a) 1145; (b) 85; (c) 27 | 0.69 |