Table 1 Cost-effectiveness analyses comparing IMRT and 3D-CRT for prostate cancer
Study (authors, year) | Target population risk group | Time horizon/cycle length | Perspective/country | Data sources | Discount rate for costs and outcomes | Model type/type of evaluation/sensitivity analysis | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Effectiveness data | Cost data/year | ||||||
Carter et al. (2014) [11] | Hypothetical cohort of 65Â years patients receiving radiotherapy to the prostate bed | 20Â years/1Â year | 3rd party payer perspective/Australia | Literature sources and their clinical interpretation, expert opinions | Literature sources, AR-DRG cost weights, medicare benefits schedule, pharmaceutical benefits schedule | Annual discount rate of 5% was used for costs and outcomes | Markov model/cost-utility analysis/one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis |
Hummel et al. (2012) [12] | 70-year-old-man with well-differentiated tumor | Lifetime/NA | Payer NHS/UK | Systematic literature review | Single-centre hospital costs, literature sources, expert opinion/2008 | Costs and QALYs were discounted at a rate of 3.5% per year | Discrete event simulation model/cost-utility analysis/one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis |
Konski et al. (2005) [13] | 70-year-old man with a good and intermediate-risk prostate cancer | 10Â years | Payer US medicare | Administrative data: billing department at the Fox Chase Cancer Center | Medicare insurance | Â | Markov model |
Konski et al. (2006) [14] | 70-year-old intermediate risk patients | 15Â years/1Â year | 3rd payer medicare perspective/US | Literature sources | Literature sources, drug red book/2005 | Cost and benefits were discounted at 3% per year | Markov model/cost-utility analysis/probabilistic sensitivity analysis |
Yong et al. (2012) [15] | Cohort of 70-year-old men with localized prostate cancer | Lifetime/1Â month | Health system perspective/Canada | Literature sources | Activity-based costing, Ontario physician fee schedule, OCCI ambulatory care Ontario laboratory fee schedule, literature sources, drug formularies/2009 | 5% discount rate was used to adjust costs and quality-adjusted life-years | Markov model/cost-utility analysis/one-way sensitivity analysis |
Cooperberg et al. (2013) [16] | Men aged 65Â years old with low-risk, intermediate-risk, or high-risk prostate cancer | Lifetime | Payer US medicare | Literature review | Medicare cost data | Costs and QALY were discounted at 3% annually | Markov model |
Zemplenyi et al. (2016) [17] | Low-, mid, and high-risk patients with localized prostate cancer | 10Â years/1Â month | 3rd party payer perspective/Hungary | Literature sources (three retrospective cohort studies and two RCTs) | Single-center cost collection study (micro-costing) | Costs and the quality-adjusted life years were discounted at a rate of 3.7% per year | Markov model cost-utility analysis/one-way and probabilistic sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis |