Table 4 Summary of characteristics of included studies
| Â | First author (year) | Country | Study design | Aim of study | Setting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. | Vera Antonia Büchner (2000–2011) | Germany | Quantitative, cross-sectional | Investigates potential changes in hospital performance after health system entry | 833 hospitals |
2. | Marcelo Cristiano de Azevedo, (2012) | Sao Paulo, Brazil | Quantitative, cross-sectional | If size, administrative level, legal status, type of unit and educational activity influence the hospital network performance | 533 hospitals |
3. | Duygu Kirgin Toprak (2010) | Turkey | Quantitative, cross-sectional | Explore the effect of having ISO 9000 certification on the performance of public hospitals | 146 hospitals |
4. | Neidamar Pedrini Arias Fugaça (2014–2015) | Brazil | Qualitative field study | To develop a proposal for a nursing panel of indicators | 200 medical records of patients |
5. | Jack Zwanziger (1990–1999) | USA | Quantitative, cross-sectional | Study the impact of safety net activities on total profit margins and operating expenditures | 16,680 Hospital*year observations. |
6. | Joel Kupersmith (1989–2004) |  | Literature review | To compare the quality of care in teaching hospitals with that in nonteaching hospitals |  |
7. | Josue Patien Epane (2007–2014) | USA | Quantitative, longitudinal | Explores the impact of hospitalists staffing intensity on hospitals_ financial performance | 4354 hospitals per year |
8. | Asgar Aghaei Hashjin (2002–2008) | Iran | Mixed method longitudinal | To describe the development and process of implementation of the HPMP, and to explore the impact On hospital performance | 696 hospitals |
9. | Natalie Taylor (2000–2014) | Australia | Systematic review | Undertake a systematic review of qualitative literature to identify methods used to identify high performing hospitals, the factors associated with high performers, and practical strategies for improvement | 19 studies |
10. | P. Xenos (2009–2012) | Greece | Cross-sectional | To examine the dynamics of efficiency and productivity in Greek public hospitals | 117 public hospital |
11. | Amy K. Rosen (2005–2006) | USA | Quantity | Find the relationship between safety climate and safety outcomes in hospitals | 30 hospital |
12. | Denise Fornazari de Oliveira (2003) | Brazil | Quantitative and qualitative cross-sectional | Obtaining subsidies for standardization of a quality assessment program | 1129 patients |
13. | Anam Parand (1983–2010) | UK | Systematic review | To review the empirical literature to identify the activities, time spent and engagement of hospital managers in quality of care | 19 articles |
14. | Renu Agarwal (2016) | Australia | Mixed cross-sectional | To investigate the quality of management practices of public hospitals in Australian healthcare system | Benchmark in 7 countries (Sweden, USA, UK, Germany, France, Italy and Canada) |
15. | Abhijit Basu (2006–2007) | UK | Quantity, cross-sectional | Analysis the data regarding the different clinical quality performance indicators mentioned in The Intelligent Board (2006) and to determine whether the results could be reliably used to interpret a hospital’s performance | One hospital |
16. | Peter Davis (2001–2009) | New Zealand | Quantitative, Cross-national | Focus on evaluating hospital performance, using the New Zealand public hospital as a pragmatic application. Present descriptive results for the efficiency and effectiveness measures. In each case values for hospitals are ranked. Using the coefficient of variation | 35 hospitals |
17. | Xiuzhu Gu (2016) | Japan | Quantitative Pilot study on hospital management pis | To capture factors behind professional views of indicator usefulness as a common structure for assessing healthcare performance and their important characteristics to design limited key performance indicators (pis) for holistic hospital management | 228 manager and 894 staff responses |
18. | Mohammad Mehrtak (2014) | Iran | Quantitative, cross-sectional and retrospective | To measure the efficiency of hospitals Employing two distinct methods | 18 general hospital |
19. | George H. Pink (2000–2005) | Canada | Mixed Descriptive statistics, histograms and scatterplots were used to verify programming accuracy | This article describes the method used to select key financial indicators for inclusion in hospital report. And describe the literature, panel and survey approach that was used, and we present the results for five years of recent data for Ontario hospitals | 12 hos |
20. | Vivian G (2004) | USA | Quantitative cross-sectional | Analysis to assess the trade-offs between quality and efficiency in U.S. hospitals | 1,377 urban hospital |
21. | Effie Simou (1980–2010) | Greece | Mixed A literature review and a consensus panel | Describes the development of a preliminary set of quality indicators, which were used in the “health monitoring indicators system project, with the purpose of assessment the quality of all the aspects relevant to public hospital healthcare workforce and services provided |  |
22. | Dan Culica (2003–2005) | USA | Quantitative | To estimate the association between dimensions of board infrastructure and dynamics to their hospital financial outcomes. In addition, the extent to which financial performance was influenced by the board activities and infrastructure was explored | 75% of hospitals |
23. | Bahram Nabilou (2009–2014) | Iran | Quantity, cross-sectional | Determine the total factor productivity and its components over the period under the study. | 17 hospital |
24. | Nermin Ozgulbas (2004) | Turkey | Quantitative | Presents an application of the data mining method to determine the financial profiles Of the public hospitals | 645 public hospitals |
25. | John E. Schneider (1997–2004) | USA |  | Focuses on one important economic question: does the presence of specialty hospitals in a market affect general hospitals’ financial performance? |  |
26. | Kristin L. Reiter (1999 and 2006) | Canada | Quantity, cross-sectional | Â | 92 hospital |
27. | Jeffrey A. Alexander (2006) | USA | Quantity | The objective of this study was to examine the association between the scope and intensity of Quality improvement (QI) implementation in hospitals and organizational performance | 1784 community hospitals |
28. | Hamed Rahimi (2017) | Iran | Mixed method | Organize suitable key performance indicators for hospitals’ performance evaluation based on the balanced scorecard | 17 expert panel |
29. | Goshtasebi, A (2005–2006) | Iran | Cross-sectional | The Pabon Lasso model was applied to assess the performance of six State-run hospitals | 6 hospital |
30. | Jack Needleman, Ellen T. Kurtzman, Kenneth W. Kizer | - | Review | Reviews efforts and issues involved in identifying a set of nursing-sensitive performance measures | - |
31. | Carmen Silvia Gabriel (2009 to January 2010) | Sao Paulo, Brazil | Quantitative | To identify performance indicators adopted by the Nursing Service of a public hospital and to analyze the opinions of the nurses regarding the use of these indicators to evaluate the quality of the nursing care | Â |
32. | Thomas N. Chirikos (1982–1993) | USA | Quantitative | To compare the results of scoring hospital efficiency by means of two new types of frontier models, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and stochastic frontier regression (SFR) | 186 hospital |
33. | Mahmoud Keyvanara (2013) | Iran | Cross-sectional | Suggesting a new paradigm in hospital governance, the aim of this study was to measure the social responsibility in hospitals | 21 hospital |
34. | Raana Gholamzadeh Nikjoo (2010) | Iran | Quantitative-qualitative study Literature review & AHP | The aim of the present study is to identify and to select key hospitals performance indicators. | 8 expert panel |
35. | Vivienne McLaughlin (2005) | OECD countries | Qualitative and quantitative structured reviewand panel | Quality Indicator Project, which aimed at developing an initial set of patient safety indicators | Â |
36. | John ovret veit (2001) | Nordic countries | Work shop-literature review | Provide an overview for non-specialist of the different quality evaluation and indicator scheme for inspection and improvement | Â |
37. | Phil Hider (2001–2009) | New Zealand | Quantity | The risk adjustment accounted for age, gender, ethnicity, rurality, deprivation and comorbidities and was undertaken with SAS20 software | 91 hospital |
38. | Farhad Lotfi (2007–2011) | Iran | Quantity Cross-sectional | To obtain an overview of hospitals’ performance status by applying, hospital performance ratios, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), stochastic frontier analysis (SFA), Pabon lasso to compare similarities and differences between these methods and suggest the most comprehensive and practical method of appraisal for managers and policy makers. By Windeap 2.1 software | 16 hospital |
39. | Conference (2014) | Ministry of health & HIMSS Middle East | Â | Â | Â |
40. | Mohamed Khalifa (2014) | Saudi Arabia | Qualitative | Decided to develop and utilize a group of strategic kpis to monitor, measure and improve the performance of the hospital including different departments and services | All professionals who belong to this group of executive and leading function |
41. | Peivand Bastani (2008) | Iran | Quantity cross-sectional | This study was designed to present and compare Iranian hospitals` performance applying ratio analysis technique. | 139 hospital |
42. | Barliba loan (2008) | Romania | Quantitative cross-sectional | Focus on a specific stage of the research, namely: testing the managerial relevance of kpis, as a main element for validating applicability of the suggested model | 5 hospital |
43. | Report Canadian institute for health information (2013) | Canada | Report | To inform the development of the hospital performance framework | – |
44. | David R. (2001) | – | – | Briefly summarize the history of performance measures for hospitals, health plans, and health care systems | – |
45. | Olimpio J. (1996) | Sao Paolo, Brazil | Â | Â | Â |
46. | Jérémy Veillard (2003) | Spain | Mixed | Twelve responses came from the 11 countries. One questionnaire was sent to each one of the countries. Surveys were filled in either by individuals or by large multi-professional working groups | 200 hospital |
47. | Beth Engel Brecht (2000) | – | – | It provides a framework towards a well-managed District Hospital | – |
48. | Jenny Hargreaves (2008–2009) | Australia |  |  |  |
49. | Khayat Moghadam Saeed (2014) | Iran | Descriptive-analyzed | Albrecht model was used because it was able to measure organizational intelligence and for the performance measurement | Â |