Table 2 Summary of findings
Indicator | Number incorporating the indicator into analysisa | Indicator framed in study objectivea | Summary of methods used and example | Number of articles incorporating equity indicator in outcomea,b |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Severity of illness at the individual level | 45 (75%) | 0 | Results split into severity subgroups Example: number of events and costs averted for inpatients and outpatients | 33 (55%) |
Age distribution of the disease | 42 (70%) | 0 | Including an age distribution function showing the incidence and costs by age | 2 (3%) |
Presence of comorbidities | 3 (5%) | 0 | By calculating proxies for physical susceptibility of being infected Example: weighting for age Z-score [49] or establishing an individual risk model [54] | 0 |
Household income level | 5 (8%) | 3 (5%) | Results divided by wealth quintile Example: dividing each of the following by Wealth Quintile: Number of deaths averted [56], private expenditure averted [48], or estimated burden due to RV illness [54] | 4 (7%) |
Relative coverage | 18 (30%) | 0 | Including an adjustment factor for effective coverage Example: Diop et al. [50] divided the coverage in the lowest quintile by the coverage in the entire population | 0 |
Geographic location | 16 (27%) | 6 (10%) | Results differentiated between rural and urban or divided by state or province Example: deaths averted, OOP expenditure averted and government costs for each rural and urban settings [33] | 3 (5%) |
Sex at birth | 3 (5%) | 1 (1.6%) | Input data are differentiated by sex Example: population data by sex, disease incidence and case-fatality rates by sex [53] | 0 |
Loss of productivity | 27 (45%) | 0 | Including costs due to caretakers taking time off from work in the calculation of costs incurred by society | 0 |
Age | 26 (43%) | 0 | DALYs age weighting | 0 |
Financial risk protection (FRP) | 3 (5%) | 3 (5%) | Through an Extended Cost-Effectiveness analysis Example: calculating a money-metric value of FRP provided by the program [56] | 3 (5%) |
Reliance on OOP expenditure | 35 (58%) | 1 (1.6%) | Differentiating the costs incurred by society (societal perspective) Example: calculating the medical and non-medical costs incurred [47] | 23 (38%) |