Cost-effectiveness of the recommended medical intervention for the treatment of dysmenorrhea and endometriosis in Japan

Table 2 Cost-effectiveness and -benefit for the base case

Group	Expected cost (JPY)	Expected effectiveness (QALYs)
(a) The base case from the perspective of healthcare payers
Guideline-based intervention^a	326,806	14.9
Self-care^a	27,758	12.3
Incremental	299,048	2.6

Group	Total cost^b (JPY)
(b) The base case from the societal perspective
Guideline-based intervention	1,643,076
Self-care^b	4,768,899
Societal monetary value (SMV)	Δ3,125,823

The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was approximately 115 thousand JPY ($958) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, retrospectively. Thus, the model simulation revealed that early physician consultation and guideline-based intervention would be more cost-effective than self-care, as the aforementioned ICER is below the willingness to pay (WTP) threshold
In the cost–benefit analysis, the aforementioned SMV favored early physician consultation and guideline-based intervention
^a Medical direct costs, which were established from the National Health Insurance scheme, consist of outpatient visits (inclusive of drugs), inpatient care, and surgery
^b Total costs consist of medical direct, non-medical and opportunity costs

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