Fig. 1

The Markov model used to assess the cost-effectiveness of early medical intervention for dysmenorrhea and endometriosis. A simple Markov model with yearly transmission of five health states (dysmenorrhea, phase I/II endometriosis, phase III/IV endometriosis, cured, and other-cause death) with four sub-medical states (consultation, surgery, recurrence, and stay condition) was constructed based on standard therapeutic and empirical pathways with consensus from gynecologists