Table 2 Effectiveness assumption used in the model expressed in percentage reduction in the outcome of interest
From: Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in Ethiopia: a cost-effectiveness analysis
| Intervention | Outcome affected | Efficacy in % | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acute myocardial infarction | |||
| Aspirin | 28 day mortality | 22 (15, 29) | [31, 36] |
| ACE-inhibitor | 28 day mortality | 7 (2, 11) | [37, 40] |
| Beta-blocker | 28 day mortality | 13 (2, 23) | [37, 40] |
| Streptokinase | 28 day mortality | 26 (17, 31) | [36] |
| ASA + clopidogrel | 28 day mortality | 32 (17, 47) | [31, 34] |
| PCI | 28 day mortality | 61 (38, 75) | [33, 36, 41] |
| Post-acute myocardial infarction | |||
| Aspirin | Case fatality rate | 13 (2, 22) | [31, 66] |
| ACE-inhibitor | Case fatality rate | 23 (14, 30) | [42] |
| Beta-blocker | Case fatality rate | 23 (16, 30) | [43] |
| Statin | Case fatality rate | 19 (15, 24) | [44, 67] |
| Acute ischemic stroke | |||
| Aspirin | 28 day case fatality rate | 5 (1, 9) | [31] |
| Post-acute stroke | |||
| Aspirin | Case fatality rate | 16 (2, 29) | [31] |
| ACE-inhibitor | Case fatality rate | 16 (12, 30) | [45] |
| Statin | Case fatality rate | 24 (16, 37) | [35] |
| Primary prevention of IHD and stroke | |||
| Anti-hypertensive treatment for systolic blood pressure (>140 or >160 mmHg) | Difference between actual systolic blood pressure and 115 mmHg | 33 (31, 44) | [40, 46, 68] |
| Cholesterol lowering treatment for total cholesterol (>5.7 or >6.2 mmol/l) | Serum level of total cholesterol | 20 (17, 23) | [27, 44] |
| Combination drug treatment for absolute risk of CVD (>5, >15, >25, >35 %) | Effect on the level of systolic blood pressure plus serum cholesterol plus aspirin | (33) + (20) + (18) | [27, 40, 44, 46, 66, 68] |