An extended cost-effectiveness analysis of schizophrenia treatment in India under universal public finance

Table 3 Results

Outcome	Income quintile I	Income quintile II	Income quintile III	Income quintile IV	Income quintile V	Total
YLD (current burden)	307	316	333	354	394	1704
DALY averted by UPF (averted burden)	28	26	24	23	22	122
Current coverage
Total costs of treatment ($)	26.721	32.042	38.666	46.156	57.059	200.644
Private costs of treatment ($)	18.705	22.429	27.066	32.309	39.942	140.451
Current costs met by government ($)	8.016	9.613	11.600	13.847	17.118	60.193
Target coverage (under UPF)
Total costs of treatment ($)	71.257	73.238	77.331	82.055	91.295	395.176
Additional costs to government ($)	44.535	41.196	38.666	35.899	34.236	194.532
OOP expenses averted ($)	49.880	51.267	54.132	57,439	63,906	276.623
Cost-effectiveness ratio (Cost/DALY averted) ($)	1.589	1.589	1.589	1.589	1.589
Insurance value ($)	7.282	5.587	4.972	4.302	2.439	24.582

UPF = universal public financing for 80 % of population in need. Results are based on a population of 1 million people, with intervention benefits equally divided among income quintiles of 200,000 persons each (quintile I having the lowest household income and quintile V, the highest). “Target coverage” of UPF for schizophrenia treatment for all income groups was set at 80 %. All monetary values or costs are expressed in U.S. 2012 dollars. “Total costs” = (direct government expenditures) + (private expenditures, including out-of-pocket costs). “Insurance value” = financial risk protection provided (based on current coverage)

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