Skip to main content

Table 2 Economic evaluations of interventions to reduce mother to child transmission (MTCT) of HIV: study perspective and costs

From: The cost-effectiveness of preventing mother-to-child transmission of HIV in low- and middle-income countries: systematic review

Study

Perspective 1

Cost Year & Currency

Discount Rate 2

Cost Breakdown

    

Direct costs to the public payer

Indirect costs

    

Intervention costs 3

Costs generated or offset 4

Health system strengthening 5

 

[32]

SOC

1994 US$

5%

Standard6

LMC7 (HIV+ children)

 

Productivity loss due to premature mortality (HIV+ve children)

 

PPHC

1994 US$

5%

Standard

LMC (HIV+ children)

  

[33]

PPHC

US$

5%

Standard

LMC (HIV+ children)

  

[29]

PPHC

1997 US$

3%; 6%

Standard + Training

 

Increased health human resources

 

[34]

PPHC

US$

3%

Standard

Net LMC (HIV+ children)

  

[30]

PPHC

1998 US$

5%

Standard + Formula feed

Net LMC (HIV+ children)

  

[35]

PPHC

1999 US

3%

Standard

LMC (HIV+ children)

  

[37]

PPHC

1997 Rand

Not stated

Standard + Training

   

[36]

PPHC

2000 US$

Not stated

Drugs

   

[23]

PPHC

2001 US$

5%

Standard+ Formula feed Elective caesarean

LMC (HIV+ children)& HIV+ adults8)

  

[25]

PPHC

2000 US$

3%

Standard

LMC (HIV+ children)

Human resource capacity and infrastructure

 

[31]

PPHC

2003 US$

5%

Standard + Formula Feed

LMC (HIV+ children)

  

[27]

PPHC

2003 US$

5%

Standard + Formula Feed

LMC (HIV+ children) Treatment costs for NVP resistance (mothers)

  

[22]

PPHC

2006 Indian Rupees

5%

Standard

LMC (HIV+ children)

  

[24]

PPHC

2000 US$

n/a9

Standard + Family planning

 

Program administration costs

 

[28]

PPHC

2003 US$

3%

Standard + Formula Feed

LMC (HIV+ children)

  

[26]

Not stated

US$

Not stated

Standard

   

[38]

PPHC

US$

n/a

Standard

   

[40]

Not stated

2007 US$

n/a

Standard + programme overhead

   

[39]

PRO

2007 US$

3%

Standard

   
 

PPHC

2007 US$

3%

Standard

LMC (HIV+ children)

  
  1. 1SOC = Societal (considers direct and indirect costs); PPHC = Public payer of healthcare costs (considers direct costs only); PRO = Provider (considers direct medical costs covered by the facility)
  2. 2Rates listed apply to both costs and effects.
  3. 3All studies included salary costs. Some were included as components of VCT while others constitute a separate category.
  4. 4Costs of care for HIV+ individuals averted due to the intervention or additional care required as a result of the intervention (i.e. due to adverse effects)
  5. 5Items considered by authors include start up costs such as training of personnel and investment in health system infrastructure, and ongoing costs such as the costs of central programme administration.
  6. 6 "Standard" costs include staff time, drugs and HIV testing.
  7. 7LMC = lifetime medical costs
  8. 8Included to quantify cost savings associated with the impact of VCT on sexual behavior change and horizontal transmission
  9. 9n/a = non applicable