Table 1 Summary of study characteristics.
From: Societal costs of air pollution-related health hazards: A review of methods and results
Study | Country | Study Year | Data Source(s) | No. of Observations | Perspective | Incidence/Prevalence | Top-down/Bottom-up | Sensitivity analysis |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Published Studies: OECD Countries | ||||||||
Zmirou et al. [18] | France | 1994 | Primary data: A cross-sectional study conducted in three cities in France. | 970,000 | Societal | Prevalence | Bottom-up | Yes (low and high) |
Voorhees et al. [19] | Tokyo, Japan | 1994 | Secondary sources: Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG), Japanese Environment Agency (JEA), Japanese Ministry of Transportation. | Not stated | Societal | Prevalence | Top-down | Yes |
Navrud [22] | Norway | 1996 | Primary data: A CV survey conducted in Norway & also use other secondary data sources | 1009 | Societal | Prevalence | Combination of bottom-up & top-down | Yes |
Rozan [20] | Strasbou, France | 1998 | Primary data: A survey conducted in Strasbourg in France. Some epidemiological studies are also used as a secondary source. | 1,000 | Societal | Prevalence | Bottom-up | No |
Neidell [21] | California, USA | 1998 | Secondary sources: California Hospital Discharge Data (CHDD), US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Climatic Data Center, Census of Population, 1990, Air Resources Board, 1990 | 800,000 (Children aged 1–18) | Societal | Prevalence | Top-down | Yes (low and high) |
Panis [23] | Belgium | 1998 | Data sources: Used different secondary sources, e.g., ExternE project data are used. | Total population of Belgium | Societal | Prevalence | Top-down | No |
Unpublished Studies: OECD Countries | ||||||||
DSS Management Consulting inc.) [24] | Canada | 2000–2015 | Data sources: Statistics of Canada & Census Information, hospital-level survey conducted by the Ontario Medical Association (OMA). | 11 million (total population of Ontario) | Societal | Prevalence | Combination of bottom-up & top-down | No |
Vergana and the Mexico Air Quality the WB study [25] | Metro-politan Mexico City (ZMV) | 1999 | Secondary sources: Mexican National Institute of Statistics, Geography & Information (INEGI), National Health Survey, 1994 | 17 million | Societal | Prevalence | Top-down | Yes (high, central and low) |
Published Studies: non-OECD Countries | ||||||||
Larson et al [45] | Volgograd Russia | 1995 | Secondary data: 29 stationary sources | Total population 50,000* 29 = 1,450,000 | Societal | Prevalence | Top-down | Yes |
Alberini & Krupnick [1] | Taiwan | 1991–1992 | Primary data: A combined epidemiological & economic study conducted in three cities in Taiwan. | Total population: 3,031,532 Sample observations: 87,676 | Societal | Prevalence | Bottom-up | No |
Srivastava & Kumar [2] | Mumbai, India | 1997 | Sources: Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, Transport Commissioners office, Maharashtra State, Mumbai. | 15.6 million | Societal | Prevalence | Top-down | No |
Quah & Boon [50] | Singapore | 1999 | Secondary data sources: ENV Annual Report, 1998, Monthly Digest of Statistics, 1999, Singapore Dept. of Statistics, Ministry of Health, Singapore. | Total population in Singapore = 3,893,600 | Societal | Prevalence | Top-down | Yes (high, central & low) |
Resosudarmo& Napitupulu [48] | Indonesia, Jakarta | 1998 | Data sources: Indonesian Central Statistics Body (BPS), a survey conducted at Cipto Hospital (public hospital), and another survey conducted at Universitas Kristen Indonesia Hospital (private hospital) and at several individual medical practices. | Total population in Jakarta = 11 million | Societal | Prevalence | Combination of bottom-up & top-down | No |
Kan & Chen [46] | Shanghai, China | 2001 | Data sources: Shanghai Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau, Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai Municipal Bureau of Public Health, China Ministry of Health. | Total urban population of Shanghai | Societal | Prevalence | Top-down | No |
Deng [47] | Beijing, China | 2000 | Data sources: Primary data Secondary sources: WHO, World bank, National Bureau of Statistics of China, Beijing Environment Protection Bureau, China Statistical Yearbook | Total population of Beijing = 13.82 million | Societal | Prevalence | Combination of bottom-up & top-down | Yes |
Unpublished Studies: non-OECD Countries | ||||||||
Saksena & Dayal [49] | India | 1997 | Secondary Sources: Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (CBHI). | Total population in India = 846 million (used 1991 census) | Societal | Prevalence | Top-down | Yes (Low & High) |
Report of Environment Protection Department, Hong Kong [51] | Hong Kong, China | 1997–1998 | Sources: Report on Focus Group Survey Data, Hospital Authority (HA), Department of Health, Census & Statistics Department, and Government Gazette. | Total population in Hong Kong = 6.31 million (estimated in 1996) | Societal | Prevalence | Combination of bottom-up & top-down | Yes (ranging numerical) |