Cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation to prevent age-related macular degeneration

Table 3 Expected Lifetime* AMD-related† Costs for 1,000 Randomly Selected Smokers^‡ who either Continue Smoking or Quit, and Cost-Effectiveness Ratios for a Tobacco Control program.^§.

Cost assumptions	Lifetime AMD-related costs			Cost-effectiveness Ratios (assuming a cost per quitter of $1,400)
	Continuing Smokers	Quitters	Benefit of quitting	Cost per case of blindness prevented	Cost per blind-year prevented	Cost per QALY gained
	$ mean (s.e)	$ mean (s.e)	$ mean (s.e)	$	$	$
Including caregiver costs	7,810,000 (73,080)	5,286,000 (64,520)	-2,523,000 (97,490)	Dominant^¶	Dominant	Dominant
Excluding caregiver costs	2,786,000 (19,830)	1,703,000 (15,930)	-1,082,000 (25,440)	26,500	15,142	197

s.e = standard error
* Censored at age 85 years
^† AMD: Age-related macular degeneration
^‡ From the U.S. population of smokers in 2004–2005[10]
^§Costs are in 2004 U.S. dollars and were rounded. Costs, blind-years and QALYs were discounted at 3% per annum
¶ Dominant: Quitting improved health outcomes and was cost saving.

ISSN: 1478-7547