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Table 2 Expected Lifetime* AMD-related† Health Outcomes for 1,000 Randomly Selected Smokers,‡ who either Continue Smoking or Quit.

From: Cost-effectiveness of smoking cessation to prevent age-related macular degeneration

AMD-related Health Outcomes

Continuing Smokers

Quitters

Benefits of quitting

 

Mean

s.e

Mean

s.e

Mean

s.e

Cases of AMD

      

   Neovascular

86

0.6

45

0.4

-41

0.7

   Geographic Atrophy

34

0.4

27

0.3

-7

0.5

   Total

120

0.7

72

0.5

-48

0.9

Cases of blindness§

32

0.4

20

0.3

-12

0.5

Blind-years

75

1.2

54

1.1

-21

1.6

QALYs

19,168

10

20,778

9

1,611

14

  1. s.e = standard error
  2. * Censored at age 85 years
  3. † AMD: Age-related macular degeneration
  4. ‡ From the U.S. population of smokers in 2004–2005[10]
  5. § Visual acuity ≤ 20/200 (logMAR equivalent ≤ 35 letters)