Table 3 Factors associated with health care utilization by category by US adults with diabetes, 2003
Ambulatory Care | Hospitalizations | Emergency Visits | Prescriptions | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | β Coeff | 95% CI | β Coeff | 95% CI | β Coeff | 95% CI | β Coeff | 95% CI |
Depression | -0.02 | -0.17, 0.12 | -0.19 | -0.73, 0.34 | -0.014 | -1.18, 0.90 | 0.09 | -0.16, 0.34 |
Age | 0.002 | -0.005, 0.01 | 0.02 | -0.01, 0.04 | -0.002 | -0.02, 0.02 | 0.003 | -0.001, 0.01 |
Sex | 0.05 | -0.10, 0.19 | -0.15 | -0.94, 0.63 | 0.11 | -0.24, 0.46 | 0.01 | -0.02, 0.04 |
Years of Education | 0.04 | 0.03, 0.04 † | -0.04 | -0.12, -0.05 | -0.02 | -0.14, 0.11 | -0.002 | -0.03, 0.02 |
Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
Black, not Hispanic | -0.09 | -0.36, 0.17 | 0.26 | -0.46, 0.98 | 0.20 | -0.37, 0.77 | 0.27 | -0.06, 0.60 |
Asian, not Hispanic | -0.01 | -0.017, 0.14 | -0.09 | -1.13, 0.96 | -0.06 | -1.61, 1.48 | 0.15 | -0.07, 0.36 |
White/Other, not Hispanic | -0.01 | -0.020, 0.18 | 0.23 | -1.20, 1.65 | 0.05 | -0.86, 0.95 | 0.25 | 0.02, 0.48* |
Income level | ||||||||
Near poor | -0.33 | -0.73, 0.07 | -0.18 | -1.85, 1.49 | -0.46 | -2.40, 1.49 | -0.37 | -0.61, -0.14* |
Low Income | -0.10 | -0.53, 0.33 | -0.11 | -0.34, 0.12 | 0.002 | -0.35, 0.36 | -0.11 | -0.63, 0.40 |
Middle Income | -0.09 | -0.51, 0.33 | -0.18 | -1.14, 0.77 | -0.27 | -1.24, 0.70 | -0.09 | -0.30, 0.11 |
High Income | -0.014 | -0.59, 0.31 | -0.38 | -1.39, 0.64 | -0.50 | -1.67, 0.68 | -0.14 | -0.26, -0.01* |
Insurance status | ||||||||
Public only | -0.14 | -0.54, 0.25 | -0.20 | -0.42, -0.01 | -0.10 | -1.47, 1.26 | 0.14 | -0.12, 0.40 |
No insurance | -0.38 | -1.71, 0.96 | -0.37 | -1.75, 1.00 | -0.24 | -1.51, 1.02 | -0.14 | -0.51, 0.23 |
Have usual source of care | -0.22 | -1.44, 1.00 | 0.74 | 0.59, 0.90† | 0.31 | -0.87, 1.49 | -0.44 | -0.81, -0.06 |
# of Comorbid conditions | 0.08 | 0.05, 0.12 † | 0.12 | 0.09, 0.15† | 0.08 | 0.04, 0.11* | 0.06 | 0.04, 0.08† |
DM complications | ||||||||
CHD | 0.04 | -0.18, 0.27 | -0.02 | -0.15, 0.12 | 0.16 | -0.18, 0.50 | -0.12 | -0.21, -0.03* |
Eye | 0.06 | -0.24, 0.36 | 0.05 | -0.30, 0.41 | -0.08 | -0.39, 0.22 | -0.05 | -0.11, 0.01 |
Renal | 0.00 | -0.83, 0.84 | -0.10 | -1.17, 0.96 | -0.03 | -0.53, 0.47 | -0.01 | -0.10, 0.07 |
Insulin use | 0.07 | -0.04, 0.17 | -0.40 | -0.68, -0.11* | -0.33 | -0.95, 0.28 | -0.16 | -0.28, -0.05* |
SF-12 PCS | -0.01 | -0.02, 0.008 | -0.01 | -0.04, 0.01 | -0.01 | -0.03, -0.0003* | -0.01 | -0.01, -0.005† |
SF-12 MCS | -0.004 | -0.01, 0.004 | -0.019 | -0.023, -0.016† | -0.01 | -0.03, -0.001* | -0.001 | -0.002, 0.001* |