Enhancing the comparability of costing methods: cross-country variability in the prices of non-traded inputs to health programmes

Table 10 Estimated price of water and electricity for selected countries in 2000 I$ and US$

Country	GDP per Capita (I$)	In or out-of-sample¹	Type	Price per unit²				Price per unit
				Mean (I$)	95% uncertainty interval Low	95% uncertainty interval High	SD	Mean (US$)	SD
Mali	636	In	Water (m³)	1.42	1.15	1.72	0.18	0.45	0.06
		Out	Electricity (kWh)	0.37	0.25	0.52	0.09	0.12	0.03
Mozambique	720	In	Water (m³)	1.37	1.12	1.65	0.17	0.41	0.05
		Out	Electricity (kWh)	0.26	0.17	0.38	0.07	0.08	0.02
Indonesia	3,168	In	Water (m³)	1.13	0.99	1.28	0.09	0.26	0.02
		In	Electricity (kWh)	0.19	0.15	0.24	0.03	0.04	0.01
Ecuador	3,261	In	Water (m³)	1.07	0.89	1.25	0.11	0.36	0.04
		In	Electricity (kWh)	0.21	0.17	0.25	0.02	0.07	0.01
Algeria	3,949	In	Water (m³)	1.35	1.04	1.69	0.20	0.61	0.09
		Out	Electricity (kWh)	0.22	0.18	0.26	0.02	0.10	0.01
Romania	6,412	Out	Water (m³)	1.18	0.97	1.41	0.14	0.30	0.04
		Out	Electricity (kWh)	0.18	0.16	0.21	0.02	0.05	0.01
Russian	8,036	Out	Water (m³)	0.96	0.79	1.15	0.11	0.22	0.02
Federation		Out	Electricity (kWh)	0.13	0.10	0.17	0.02	0.03	0.00
Bahrain	14,159	Out	Water (m³)	1.24	0.83	1.75	0.28	0.98	0.22
		Out	Electricity (kWh)	0.23	0.18	0.28	0.03	0.18	0.02
Greece	16,706	Out	Water (m³)	0.97	0.76	1.19	0.13	0.61	0.08
		In	Electricity (kWh)	0.18	0.14	0.21	0.02	0.11	0.01
United Arab	20,331	Out	Water (m³)	1.26	0.78	1.93	0.35	1.27	0.35
Emirates		Out	Electricity (kWh)	0.18	0.14	0.22	0.02	0.18	0.02
United	24,348	Out	Water (m³)	1.04	0.81	1.30	0.15	1.02	0.15
Kingdom		In	Electricity (kWh)	0.14	0.11	0.17	0.02	0.14	0.02
Canada	28,088	In	Water (m³)	0.78	0.56	1.05	0.14	0.63	0.11
		Out	Electricity (kWh)	0.11	0.09	0.14	0.02	0.09	0.02

¹In and out of sample indicate whether or not the country was included in the data set used to estimate the model.
²Regional estimates are available at http://www.who.int/choice.

ISSN: 1478-7547