Table 1 Quarterly healthcare utilisation and total costs in each health state including antiretrovirals and associated laboratory investigations (US$)
Health state | Clinic visits | Inpatient days | Tuberculosis treatment | ARV Cost (95% CI) | Safety and monitoring laboratory costs | Cost per Markov state (95%CI) | Additional cost for dying patients | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean visits (95%CI) | Cost (95%CI) | Mean IP days (95%CI) | Cost (95%CI) | Mean cases (95%CI) | Cost (95%CI) | Mean IP days (95%CI) | Cost (95%CI) | ||||
ART CD4 < 50 cells/μl months 0–3 | 10.5 (10.2–10.7) | 199 (194–204) | 1.09 (0.96–1.25) | 177 (155–201) | 0.08 (0.05–0.12) | 48 (30–76) | 72.7 (70.2–75.1) | 52 | 548 (502–609) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
ART CD4 < 50 cells/μl months 3–6 | 3.7 (3.5–3.8) | 70 (67–73) | 0.77 (0.66–0.90) | 125 (107–146) | 0.04 (0.02–0.08) | 25 (13–49) | 72.7 (70.2–75.1) | 0 | 293 (257–343) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
ART CD4 50–199 cells/μl months 0–3 | 9.7 (9.5–9.9) | 184 (181–188) | 0.6 (0.52–0.7) | 98 (84–114) | 0.06 (0.04–0.1) | 38 (24–60) | 72.7 (70.2–75.1) | 52 | 444 (410–488) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
ART CD4 50–199 cells/μl months 3–6 | 3.5 (3.3–3.6) | 66 (64–68) | 0.12 (0.09–0.17) | 20 (14–27) | 0.02 (0.01–0.04) | 11 (4–26) | 72.7 (70.2–75.1) | 0 | 169 (152–196) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
First-line ART months 6–12 | 3.6 (3.5–3.7) | 69 (67–70) | 0.21 (0.18–0.24) | 33 (29–39) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 13 (8–21) | 72.7 (70.2–75.1) | 24 | 212 (198–229) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
Second-line ART months 6–12 | 3.6 (3.5–3.7) | 69 (67–70) | 0.21 (0.18–0.24) | 33 (29–39) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 13 (8–21) | 238 | 28 | 381 (370–397) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
First-line ART months 12–24 | 2.7 (2.65–2.8) | 52 (50–53) | 0.1 (0.08–0.13) | 17 (14–20) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 12 (8–20) | 72.7 (70.2–75.1) | 24 | 178 (167–193) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
Second-line ART months 12–24 | 2.7 (2.65–2.8) | 52 (50–53) | 0.1 (0.08–0.13) | 17 (14–20) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 12 (8–20) | 238 | 28 | 347 (338–360) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
First-line ART months 24–36 | 2.6 (2.5–2.7) | 49 (47–51) | 0.1 (0.08–0.13) | 17 (14–20) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 12 (8–20) | 72.7 (70.2–75.1) | 24 | 175 (164–191) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
Second-line ART months 24–36 | 2.6 (2.5–2.7) | 49 (47–51) | 0.1 (0.08–0.13) | 17 (14–20) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 12 (8–20) | 238 | 28 | 344 (335–358) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
First-line ART beyond 36 months | 2.8 (2.6–3.0) | 52 (49–56) | 0.1 (0.08–0.13) | 17 (14–20) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 12 (8–20) | 72.7 (70.2–75.1) | 24 | 179 (165–196) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
Second-line ART beyond 36 months | 2.8 (2.6–3.0) | 52 (49–56) | 0.1 (0.08–0.13) | 17 (14–20) | 0.02 (0.01–0.03) | 12 (8–20) | 238 | 28 | 348 (337–363) | 4.0 (1.7–6.2) | 704 (306–1102) |
No-ART CD4 < 50 cells/μl | 3.4 (3.2–3.5) | 66 (63–68) | 0.7 (0.64–0.75) | 113 (104–122) | 0.1 (0.07–0.13) | 60 (46–79) | N/A | N/A | 239 (213–269) | 5.7 (3.5–8.0) | 1023 (626–1422) |
No-ART CD4 50–199 cells/μl | 2.6 (2.5–2.6) | 51 (49–52) | 0.3 (0.28–0.32) | 49 (45–52) | 0.07 (0.06–0.09) | 45 (37–55) | N/A | N/A | 145 (132–159) | 5.7 (3.5–8.0) | 1023 (626–1422) |