The association between diabetes related medical costs and glycemic control: A retrospective analysis

Table 4 Cost regressions

Variable	Dependent Variable: Log of Diabetes-Related Prescription Drug Costs		Dependent Variable: Log of Diabetes-Related Total Medical Costs
	Coefficient	P Value	Coefficient	P Value
Patient Demographics
Age	0.994	<0.0001	1.004	0.063
Female^A	0.978	0.321	0.964	0.329
Commercially Insured^B	1.742	<0.0001	1.180	0.002
Self-Insured^B	1.251	0.040	1.432	0.296
Patient Severity
Pre-Period Diabetes-Related Prescription Drug Costs^C	1.001	<0.0001	---	---
Pre-Period Diabetes-Related Total Medical Costs^C	---	---	1.000	<0.0001
# of Distinct Antidiabetic Medications Used in Pre-Period	1.136	<0.0001	1.240	<0.0001
Comorbidities in the Pre-Period
Nephropathy	0.902	0.014	1.487	<0.0001
Stroke	---	---	1.317	<0.0001
Foot Ulcer	---	---	1.384	0.0002
Amputation	---	---	1.007	0.981
Retinopathy	1.025	0.520	---	---
Complications in the Pre-Period
Angioplasty	0.902	0.214	---	---
Myocardial Infarction	0.926	0.186	---	---
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery	0.839	0.055	0.695	0.097
Type 2 Diabetes Classification
Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes^D	0.143	<0.0001	0.515	<0.0001
Diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes and Receipt of Insulin^D	0.771	<0.0001	1.448	<0.0001
HbA _1c Classification	---	---
Fair^E	1.231	<0.0001	1.196	<0.0001
Poor^E	1.121	<0.0001	1.243	<0.0001

^A – reference category male
^B – reference category Medicare insurance
^C – pre-period diabetes-related prescription drug costs used only in the diabetes-related prescription drug cost regression and pre-period total diabetes-related total medical costs used only in the total diabetes-related total medical costs regression.
^D – reference category individuals who received an oral antidiabetic agent with no diagnosis of type 2 diabetes
^E – reference category is classification of good glycemic control
Adjusted for age, gender, LOB (self-insured, commercial, other) prior (1 year) cost, count of distinct medications in the prior (1 year) period, diagnosis of diabetes in one prior (1 year period), type 2 diabetes classification (diagnosis of type 2, diagnosis of type 2 and receipt of insulin, or other), and HbA_1c classification (fair, poor, or other). Diagnosis of procedure codes of nephropathy, retinopathy, angioplasty, CABG, stroke, MI, amputation, or foot ulcer in the year prior to index date were included in each of the specific models if had Wald p-values of <0.15 and they did not significantly change the Bayesian Information Criteria.

ISSN: 1478-7547