Table 3 Descriptive statistics – By HbA1c levels
Variable | Good HbA 1c (≤7) | Fair HbA 1c (>7 and ≤9) | Poor HbA 1c (>9) |
|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | Â | Â | Â |
Mean Age, (SD) | 65 (13) | 61* (13) | 54* ‡ (13) |
Sex | Â | Â | Â |
   % Female | 47% | 45% | 47% |
   % Male | 53% | 55% | 53% |
Insurance | Â | Â | Â |
   % Medicare | 62% | 47%* | 30%* ‡ |
   % Commercial | 37% | 52%* | 70%* ‡ |
   % Other | 1% | 1% | <1% |
Patient Severity | Â | Â | Â |
   Mean # of All (diabetic+non-diabetic) Distinct Medications, (SD) prescribed in the pre-period | 8.4 (5.5) | 8.6 (5.5) | 7.8* ‡ (5.6) |
   Mean total medical costs in 12 month pre-period (SD) | 4,524 (8,660) | 4,436 (10,774) | 3,485* ‡ (7,658) |
   % Diagnosed with diabetes in the 12 month pre-period. | 75% | 87%* | 88%* |
Complications in Pre-Period | Â | Â | Â |
   % Nephropathy | 4.8% | 4.4% | 3.4% |
   % Neuropathy | 4.1% | 5.2%* | 5.4% |
   % Retinopathy | 2.6% | 3.9%* | 3.9%* |
   % Foot Ulcer | 1.6% | 1.8% | 2.1% |
   % Amputation | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.3% |
Comorbidities in Pre-Period | Â | Â | Â |
   % Myocardial Infarction | 2.8% | 2.9% | 2.8% |
   % Stroke | 7.6% | 5.1%* | 4.5%* |
   % Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery | 0.9% | 1.0% | 0.6% |
   % Angioplasty | 1.6% | 1.2% | 1.2% |
Mean Count of HbA 1c Tests, (SD) | 5.3 (2.8) | 5.6* (2.8) | 4.7* ‡ (2.7) |
Sample Size | 6,069 | 3,586 | 1,125 |