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Table 4 Mean one-year costs at baseline and 1 year follow-up (PPP-adjusted Euros, 2011 prices)

From: Cost-effectiveness of adherence therapy versus health education for people with schizophrenia: randomised controlled trial in four European countries

 

Adherence therapy (n = 204)

Health education (n = 205)

Adherence therapy – Health education1

Valid n

Mean

(SD)

Valid n

Mean

(SD)

Unadjusted comparisons

Baseline-adjusted comparisons

Mean difference

95% confidence interval

Mean difference

95% confidence interval

Baseline

  Accommodation

204

5637

(13837)

205

6676

(16508)

-1039

-4323, 1640

na

na

  Inpatient services

204

13649

(30841)

205

12659

(27797)

990

-4440, 6253

na

na

  Outpatient services

204

686

(2938)

205

314

(794)

372

30, 884

na

na

  Community-based services

204

2973

(18688)

205

4532

(25686)

-1559

-6200, 2912

na

na

  Community-based professionals

204

998

(1370)

205

1088

(2797)

-90

-555, 289

na

na

  Medication

197

4400

(6387)

204

4103

(6405)

297

-1031, 1527

na

na

  Subtotal from health/social care perspective

197

27427

(36015)

204

29484

(41535)

-2057

-9916, 5882

na

na

  Informal care

204

5300

(12230)

205

5461

(14533)

-161

-2756, 2667

na

na

  Time off work

202

1656

(7846)

204

1339

(6514)

316

-1190, 1631

na

na

  Criminal justice system

204

442

(4524)

205

368

(4440)

74

-862, 1012

na

na

  Sub-total for non-health/social care costs

202

7451

(14805)

204

7197

(16157)

253

-3093, 3273

na

na

  Total from societal perspective

195

35190

(39442)

203

36828

(44573)

-1638

-9801, 6719

na

na

1 year follow-up

  Adherence therapy or health education intervention

204

192

(93)

205

138

(77)

54

37, 70

  

  Accommodation

177

6112

(14523)

196

6504

(15953)

-392

-3569, 2659

194

-1805, 2259

  Inpatient services

176

7411

(20737)

196

6976

(22574)

435

-4025, 4732

418

-3719, 4318

  Outpatient services

177

235

(832)

196

226

(613)

10

-137, 166

5

-144, 160

  Community-based services

177

1350

(5108)

196

3865

(29011)

-2515

-7420, 589

-237

-2168, 1298

  Community-based professionals

177

1545

(6969)

195

1473

(6737)

72

-1267, 1405

76

-1324, 1411

  Medication

175

3202

(3942)

196

3549

(4737)

-347

-1285, 585

-483

-1268, 322

  Subtotal from health/social care perspective, including intervention cost

174

20115

(28339)

195

22597

(40727)

-2483

-10017, 4448

-757

-5820, 4386

  Subtotal from health/social care perspective, excluding intervention cost

174

19919

(28332)

195

22459

(40720)

-2540

-10075, 4385

-816

-5877, 4331

  Informal care

177

4639

(17298)

194

2813

(6377)

1826

-634, 4602

1859

-611, 4532

  Time off work

176

423

(3541)

196

699

(4146)

-277

-1043, 506

-320

-1063, 408

  Criminal justice system

177

40

(372)

196

978

(9963)

-938

-2597, 46

-937

-2605, 46

  Sub-total for non-health/social care costs

176

5118

(17679)

194

4508

(12220)

610

-2282, 3881

596

-2451, 4000

  Total from societal perspective, including intervention cost

173

25346

(32406)

193

26787

(41743)

-1442

-9722, 6213

10

-6915, 6235

  Total from societal perspective, excluding intervention cost

173

25149

(32404)

193

26648

(41737)

-1499

-9774, 6153

-49

-6979, 6171

  1. 1. Based on bootstrapped linear regression of group upon cost (1000 repetitions).
  2. na = not applicable to baseline comparisons.