Cost-effectiveness of pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with a history of macrovascular disease: a German perspective

Table 2 Summary of base case intervention effects

Effect	Mean change from baseline
	Pioglitazone	Placebo
Change in HbA1c in year 1 (%-points)	-0.9	-0.3
Change in HbA1c in year 2 (%-points)	+0.1	+0.1
Change in HbA1c in year 3 (%-points)	+0.3	+0.2
Change in subsequent years	+0.15	+0.15
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	+0.39	+0.25
HDL-C (mmol/l)	+0.54	+0.30
LDL-C (mmol/l)	+0.35	+0.22
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	-0.064	+0.076
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	-3.8	-2.4
BMI (kg.m^-2)	+1.1	-0.1
Overall hypoglycaemic event rate (per 100 patient years)*	+9.29	+6.68

HDL-C = high density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C = low density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMI = body mass index.
* Includes both minor events not requiring assistance [726 patients on pioglitazone and 528 on placebo, (p < 0.0001)] and major events that resulted in admission to hospital [19 patients on pioglitazone and 11 patients on placebo (p = 0.14)].

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